suzanne_elizabeth_reid_presenting_1997 book Presenting Ursula K. Le Guin Always Coming Home collective {power Dispossessed Hainish Lathe} of {Heaven Le} {Guin Left} Hand of Darkness New York 1997 Although the section of this book which focuses on The Lathe of Heaven is relatively brief, the focus on collective power in the book aids an argument which analyzes power in the text. Reid notes that Dr. Haber is a "doer, a dominating Faustian who can barely suppress his impulse to interfere" who "cannot resist taking control" when he realizes {"Orr's} power" (56). He goes on to analyze that "although it is against {[Heather's]} nature to play God, she cannot resist trying to set things straight by hypnotically suggesting that Orr dream Haber into an honest, kind man and dream the Aliens off the moon" (57). Thus, Reid assesses the three major characters access to and use of power in the text, suggesting further that the novel reflects "would-be benevolent dictators whose ideas sound sensible but ignore the delicate complexity of our world" (58). Twayne Publishers 1997 joe_de_bolt_ursula_1979 inbook Ursula K. Le Guin: Voyager to Inner Lands and to Outer Space {biography home Lathe} of {Heaven Le} Guin rhetoric science science fiction voyage London 1979 National University Publications 1979 laura_johnston_orr_1999 article Extrapolation {'Orr'} and {'Orwell':} Le Guin's The Lathe of Heaven and Orwell's Nineteen {Eighty-Four} 1984 forbidden {love Lathe} of {Heaven Le} Guin mutability of the {past Orwell power} relationships 351--354 40 1999 4 Johnston considers three important connections between Orwell's 1984 and Le Guin's The Lathe of Heaven, besides the obvious similarities of "dystopian scarcity" and "political repression." She delineates three clear commonalities: (1) both George Orr and Winston Smith love women forbidden to them, (2) the theme of power, specifically that the protagonists are weak and the powerful people use their power irresponsibly, and (3) the mutability of the past, particularly the control of the past and false memories. This article suggests that Le Guin ackowledges, "conscious[ly] or unconscious[ly], Orwell and Orwell's Nineteen {Eighty-Four"} (353). 1999 bernard_selinger_le_1988 book Le Guin and Identity in Contemporary Fiction Always Coming {Home artist Dispossessed dreamer journey Lathe} of {Heaven Le} {Guin Left} Hand of Darkness Ann Arbor, Michigan 1988 Selinger, at first, focuses on the sea imagery in The Lathe of Heaven, particularly the jellyfish, as he considers the boundaried and boundary-lessness of the characters (and even the plot) in this novel. Considering space and movement, Selinger takes the reader through the plot chronologically as the text mimics dreams, just as reality mimics Orr's dreams. The chapter dedicated to The Lathe of Heaven also includes an analysis of Orr's movement "from omnipotent control to control by manipulation"(88) with particular attention to the use of what Selinger calls a "dream-mother" and "transitional" or "subjective" objects. Selinger moves on to characterize Orr as both an "artist creating identity" and an "autist"; but his most interesting argument is that Orr and Haber are, in fact, "one." That intriguing dissolution of the power-dynamic between Orr and Haber lends itself to my consideration of power in the novel. {UMI} Research Press 1988 carl_freedman_conversations_2008 book Carl Freedman Conversations with Ursula K. Le Guin {chronology dialogue fantasy influences interviews Le} Guin science fiction Jackson, Mississippi 2008 University Press of Mississippi 2008 ursula_k._le_guin_carrier-bag_1988 incollection Denise Du Pont The {Carrier-Bag} Theory of Fiction carrier-bag {theory fantasy feminism Le} Guin science fiction self-reflection on writing New York 1988 Women of Vision St. Martin's Press, Inc. 1988 mike_cadden_ursula_2005 book Ursula K. Le Guin Beyond Genre: Fiction for Children and Adults anthropomorphism children's {stories genre interview Lathe} of {Heaven Le} Guin science fiction time travel viewpoint New York 2005 Routledge 2005 barbara_j._bucknall_dream_1981 inbook The Dream {chronology dream dystopia Hainish Lathe} of {Heaven Le} {Guin Left} Hand of Darkness utopia New York 83--101 1981 Ursula K. Le Guin This chapter makes the point that while Orr was able, in the beginning of the book, to "dream away an atomic explosion" (85), he must not have had the energy or power "to invent a suitable psychiatrist to help him stop dreaming" (85). Thus, Bucknall argues that Orr's power is, from the start, limited and damaging, in a way that both progresses the plot and invents conflict where there previously was none. Bucknall also alludes to Philip K. Dick as an influence (as admitted by Le Guin herself) and considers the Taoist elements in the text. This chapter distinguishes each character s ignorance, as well as the subsequent suffering each character experiences because of that ignorance, with a particular emphasis on Haber, of course. Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. 1981 carol_s._franko_i-we_1997 inbook The {I-We} Dilemma and a {"Utopian} Unconscious" in Wells's When the Sleeper Wakes and Le Guin's Lathe of Heaven {1984 dream intertextuality Lathe} of {Heaven Le} Guin science fiction unconscious utopia Columbia, South Carolina 76--98 1997 Political Science Fiction University of South Carolina Press 1997 warren_rochelle_communities_2001 book Communities of the Heart: The Rhetoric of Myth in the Fiction of Ursula K. Le Guin {communities eden Le} Guin myth science fiction utopia Cambridge 101--2 2001 Liverpool University Press 2001 ursula_k._le_guin_chronicles_2004 misc Chronicles of Earthsea influences interview science fiction taoism theme utopia 2004 http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2004/feb/09/sciencefictionfantasyandhorror.ursulakleguin 2004 lewis_call_postmodern_2007 article {SubStance} Postmodern Anarchism in the Novels of Ursula K. Le Guin {anarchism Lathe} of {Heaven Le} {Guin Left} Hand of Darkness taoism 87--105 36 2007 2 2007 susan_m._bernardo_lathe_2006 inbook Susan M. Bernardo and Graham J. Murphy The Lathe of Heaven (1971) alternate histories character development inner {space Lathe} of {Heaven Le} Guin plot development symbolism theme Westport, Connecticut 35--46 2006 Ursula K. Le Guin: A Critical Companion Greenwood Press 2006 patricia_melzer_alien_2006 inbook Alien Constructions: Science Fiction and Feminist Thought {dystopia feminism Le} {Guin Left} Hand of Darkness power relationships science fiction Austin 2006 University of Texas Press 2006 annas_pamela_j._new_1978 article Science Fiction Studies New Worlds, New Words: Androgyny in Feminist Science Fiction {androgyny dualism feminism Lathe} of {Heaven Le} Guin science fiction July 5 1978 15 1978-07 lehmann-haupt_books_1991 article New York Times American Psycho By Bret Easton Ellis 399 pages. Vintage Contemporaries. Paperback, \$11. One approaches with a fair degree of awe a novel that has inspired the reaction that Bret Easton Ellis's {"American} Psycho" has done. To have provoked a publisher to reject a finished manuscript without demanding the return of a substantial advance; to have prompted hate mail and death threats; to have aroused a women's organization to call for a boycott of the book's new publisher -- why, it's as if {"American} Psycho" had returned us to some bygone age when books were still a matter of life and death instead of something to distract us on a flight between {JFK} and {LAX.} {[ABSTRACT} {FROM} {PUBLISHER]} Copyright of New York Times is the property of New York Times and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts) Books of The Times; {'Psycho':} Whither Death Without Life? {1980's American} {Psycho Book} {Review Bret} Easton {Ellis Consumerism Descriptions} of violence 03624331 18 March 1991 Accession Number: 30593401; Source Information: 3/11/1991, p18; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1163 Article http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=n5h&AN=30593401&site=ehost-live 1991-03 storey_and_2005 article Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction And as Things Fell Apart': The Crisis of Postmodern Masculinity in Bret Easton Ellis's American Psycho and Dennis Cooper's Frisk American {Psycho Bret} Easton {Ellis Dennis} {Cooper Fisk Masculinity postmodernism} 0011-1619 57--72 47 2005 1 This article deals with modern issues relating to issues of masculinity and identity. The article critiques the postmodern dismantling of traditional ideas about masculinity and identity through a study of Bret Easton Ellis' {"American} Psycho" and Dennis Cooper's {"Frisk."} http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/920/928/23652375w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812040570&dyn=3!xrn_20_0_N2812040570?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2005 cohen_bret_1991 article New York Times As his novel {"American} Psycho" arrives in stores and death threats are delivered suggesting he should be dismembered like the victims of the book's fictional killer, Bret Easton Ellis seems dismayed that his work has sparked the biggest literary brouhaha since Salman Rushdie's {"Satanic} Verses." {"I} had no idea the novel would provoke the reception it's gotten, and I still don't quite get it," he said last week in his first interview since Simon \& Schuster abruptly canceled the book's publication three months ago and it was resold to Vintage. {"But} then I was not trying to add members to my fan club. You do not write a novel for praise, or thinking of your audience. You write for yourself; you work out between you and your pen the things that intrigue you." {[ABSTRACT} {FROM} {PUBLISHER]} Copyright of New York Times is the property of New York Times and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts) Bret Easton Ellis Answers Critics of {'American} Psycho'. American {Psycho Bret} Eaton {Ellis Censorship Consumerism Descriptions} of {violence Surface} 03624331 13 March 1991 A New York Times interview with Bret Easton Ellis relating to his novel {"American} Psycho" and the backlash it has received. Ellis responds to the various critical and non-critical attacks on his novel. Ellis discusses his attempts to create a novel that was "purely surface." Article http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=n5h&AN=30591120&site=ehost-live 1991-03 gemunden_depth_1995 article Taking issue with recent discussions about postmodernism and the notion of surface, this essay contrasts Rolf Dieter Brinkmann's poetic and essayistic work with Andy Warhol's notion of Pop in order to fathom the radical aspect of their respective aesthetics. This comparison implies an understanding of the political and cultural context of post-1968 West Germany into which Brinkmann transferred Warhol (and the mis- and over-readings it produced), as well as a look at the historical avantgarde which Brinkmann intended to redefine for his own purposes. A reading of selected poems argues that by holding on to a notion of subjectivity Brinkmann is able to avoid some of Warhol's aporias without completely relegating the notion of critique. {Depthlessness Jameson postmodernism Surface Warhol} 00168831 235--250 3 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/408241 The German Quarterly The Depth of the Surface, or, What Rolf Dieter Brinkmann Learned from Andy Warhol 68 1995 This article explores the ideas of lack of depth and emphasis of surface out forth by Frederic Jameson. The article approaches the subject through a critique of the works of {RolfDieter} Brinkmann and Andy Warhol. 10.2307/408241 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Summer, 1995 / Copyright ???? 1995 American Association of Teachers of German 1995 seay_opulence_1987 article Bret Easton {Ellis Consumerism Less} Than {Zero S.E.} {Hinton The} Outsiders 00138274 69--72 6 http://www.jstor.org/stable/818063 The English Journal Opulence to Decadence: {"The} Outsiders" and {"Less} than Zero" 76 October 1987 10.2307/818063 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Oct., 1987 / Copyright ???? 1987 National Council of Teachers of English 1987-10 freccero_historical_1997 article Diacritics Historical Violence, Censorship, and the Serial Killer: The Case of {"American} Psycho" American {Psycho Bret} Easton {Ellis Censorship Descriptions} of {violence Serial} Killers 03007162 44--58 27 1997 2 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: Writing between the Lines {(Censored)} / Full publication date: Summer, 1997 / Copyright ???? 1997 The Johns Hopkins University Press 10.2307/1566351 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1566351 1997 westmoreland_postmodern_1998 article Modern Language Studies Postmodern Depthlessness, and Finding Pleasure in Zapata's {"Melodrama:} {Depthlessness Jameson Melodrama postmodernism Zapata} 103--116 28 1998 2 1998 kauffman_bad_1998 book Bad Girls and Sick Boys: Fantasies in Contemporary Art and Culture 20th {century Arts } {Modern Fantasy} in {art Feminism} and the {arts Human} body in {literature Human} figure in art Berkeley, Calif 328 0520210301 1998 {NX650.H74} K38 1998 University of California Press 1998 young_shopping_1993 book Shopping in Space: Essays on America's {Blank-Generation} Fiction 20th {century American} {fiction City} and town life in {literature history History} and {criticism In} {literature Intellectual} {life Literature} and {society New} York {(N.Y.) New} York {(State) Postmodernism} {(Literature) Punk} {culture Youth} in literature New York 288 0871135426 1993 {PS255.N5} Y68 1993 Atlantic Monthly Press with Serpent's Tail 1993 trigg_aesthetics_2006 book New studies in aesthetics The Aesthetics of Decay: Nothingness, Nostalgia, and the Absence of Reason {Aesthetics Civilization Forecasting Memory Reason} New York 265 0820486469 2006 {BC177} {.T75} 2006 Peter Lang 2006 lee_wall_2005 article Film International Wall Street Jekyll: Identity and Meaningless Pleasure in American Psycho(s) American {Psycho Bret} Easton {Ellis Identity Surface Wall} Street 1651-6826 22--27 3 2005 17 This article deals with issues of fetishism and spectatorship as well as cultural ideas about violence, identity, and pleasure. The article critiques Bret Easton Ellis' novel {"American} Psycho" and the film version of the novel directed by Mary Harron. http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/920/928/23652375w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812031054&dyn=7!xrn_23_0_N2812031054?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2005 ellis_american_1991 book 1st ed American Psycho: A Novel Crimes {against Manhattan} {(New} York {N.Y.) Psychopaths Rapists Serial} {murderers Wall} Street {(New} York Women} New York 399 0679735771 1991 {PS3555.L5937} A8 1991 Vintage Books 1991 hable_subversive_1987 article The article offers insights on the relationship between the concept of simulacrum and postmodernism. It cites that the examination of the origin of representation and simulation models shows that the idea of simulacrum has always existed in both artistic practices and in critical thinking. It then mentions that sudden awareness of simulacrum in the postmodern era is the result of the specific artistic practices of postmodernism. Moreover, the concept of simulacrum within a postmodern context and Plato's conceptualization of the unqualified is keyed out. {ART} -- {Philosophy COMMUNICATION} in {art CRITICAL} {thinking DECISION} {making INFLUENCE} {(Literary } artistic {etc.) PHILOSOPHY } Modern -- 20th {century PLATO Postmodernism SIMULATION} models 10510230 25--27 1 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fah&AN=31687643&site=ehost-live Spectator: The University of Southern California Journal of Film \& Television {THE} {SUBVERSIVE} {IMAGE:} {STALKING} {THE} {SIMULACRA.} 8 1987 Accession Number: 31687643; Hable, William; Source Info: Winter87, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p25; Subject Term: {SIMULATION} models; Subject Term: {POSTMODERNISM;} Subject Term: {PHILOSOPHY,} Modern -- 20th century; Subject Term: {CRITICAL} thinking; Subject Term: {DECISION} making; Subject Term: {PLATO;} Subject Term: {COMMUNICATION} in art; Subject Term: {INFLUENCE} {(Literary,} artistic, etc.); Subject Term: {ART} -- Philosophy; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 bw. Document Type: Article} {Requested on 4/8/09 Article 1987 colapietro_distortion_???? inbook Distortion, Fabrication, and Disclosure in a {Self-Referential} Culture: The Irresistible Force of Reality Requested on 4/9/09 http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/777/867/24078372w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812401890&dyn=12!xrn_10_0_N2812401890?sw_aep=viva_gmu biltereyst_media_2004 article Journal of Media Practice Media Audiences and the Game of Controversy: On Reality {TV,} Moral Panic and Controversial Media Stories 1468-2753 7--24 5 2004 1 Biltereyst discusses the 'perfume of scandal' surrounding reality {TV} programs. He posits that the scandal is a result of an intentional simulation of moral panic. Biltereyst draws a distinction between moral-panic and media-panic. Moral-panic is one in which the media plays a role in creating attention to a moral issue. Whereas in media-panic, the media becomes the object, source and medium of distress. http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/777/867/24078372w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812031115&dyn=5!xrn_1_0_N2812031115?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2004 baudrillard_jean_1988 book Jean Baudrillard: Selected Writings Sociology Stanford, Calif 230 0804714789 1988 I am only going to use chapter 7, {"Simulacra} and Simulations" for this paper. {HM15} {.B38213} 1988 Stanford University Press 1988 best_review:_1987 article {Baudrillard Consumerism Jameson pastiche postmodernism symbols television} 03007162 97--113 2 http://www.jstor.org/stable/464749 Diacritics Review: {(Re)watching} Television: Notes toward a Political Criticism 17 1987 The authors' aim in this article is to use postmodern theory as a way to examine television. They discuss how to examine the "politics of reading" which draws on multiple meanings. Best and Kellner rely heavily on Jameson and Baudrillard to discuss the tenants of postmodernism that are present in {TV.} {(Eg--consumerism,} style over substance, pastiche,and a mix of high and low culture.) 10.2307/464749 {ArticleType:} secondary\_review / Reviewed Work: Watching Television by Gitlin, Todd / Issue Title: Culture and Countermemory: The {"American"} Connection / Full publication date: Summer, 1987 / Copyright ???? 1987 The Johns Hopkins University Press 1987 knox_simpsons._2006 article Reading the interplay between text, audience, and institutional context, this article critically examines the distinctiveness of {"The} Simpsons." It explores how the animated series uses textual strategies that are interesting to and challenging for both (postmodern) critical theory and processes of interpretation, including existing critical writing on the program. {[ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR]} {Animation ANIMATION} {(Cinematography) AUDIENCES CONTEXT} {(Linguistics) double-codedness Hutcheon } {Linda Jameson } {Fredric PARODY Postmodernism SIMPSONS } The {(TV} {program) STRATEGY TELEVISION} {scripts The} Simpsons 01956051 72--81 2 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fah&AN=22544655&site=ehost-live Journal of Popular Film \& Television The Simpsons. 34 2006 Accession Number: 22544655; Source Info: Summer2006, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p72; Subject Term: {SIMPSONS,} The {(TV} program); Subject Term: {ANIMATION} {(Cinematography);} Subject Term: {PARODY;} Subject Term: {TELEVISION} scripts; Subject Term: {POSTMODERNISM;} Subject Term: {CONTEXT} {(Linguistics);} Subject Term: {AUDIENCES;} Subject Term: {STRATEGY;} {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Animation; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: double-codedness; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Hutcheon, Linda; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Jameson, Fredric; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Parody; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Postmodernism; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: The Simpsons; Number of Pages: 10p. Document Type: Article} {Copyright of Journal of Popular Film \& Television is the property of Heldref Publications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts.)} {Knox's argument is that the textual strategies such as double-codedness of The Simpsons makes it difficult to grasp, and thus, analyze the show. The double-codedness (as best as I could tell) is the fact that the Simpsons is both a critical and commercial success. The show is distinctly postmodern due to its sense of "knowingness" and self-consciousness. While this article is not directly related to the show I want to analyze, it was helpful to read a postmodern criticism of a tv episode. Article 2006 sconce_chapter_2000 article Haunted Media: Electronic Presence from Telegraphy to Television This article focuses on the prominent bridge between popular media and postmodern theory. Regardless of how one judges the ultimate value of postmodern theory and the political implication of its application, the Baudrillardian zeitgeist of proliferating simulation and an ever encroaching hyperreality unarguably resonates at many levels of contemporary cultural commentary about the media. At the very least, the Baudrillardian strain of postmodernity shares with these other more popular tales of omniscient electronic media the basic premise that reality is now inescapably mediated by spectacle, a form of covert attack in which an electronic mirage is gradually replacing the real world. Long a fixture of the lecture hall, these themes of electronically mediated and usually alienated societies have of late proliferated in popular culture as well. Movies such as Videodrome, Robocop, Total Recall, Lawnmower Man, Virtuosity, Strange Days, The Truman Show, Pleasantville, Ed {TV} and {eXistenZ--testify} to the theatrical success of this once wholly theoretical paradigm. Chapter 5: Simulation and Psychosis. {Baudrillard Digital} {media MASS} {media MOTION} {pictures POPULAR} {culture Postmodernism simulation television} 9780822325727 167--209 2000 Accession Number: 18583239; Sconce, Jeffrey 1; Affiliations: 1: Assistant Professor, School of {Cinema-Television,} University of Southern California Source Info: 2000, p167; Subject Term: {POPULAR} culture; Subject Term: {MASS} media; Subject Term: {POSTMODERNISM;} Subject Term: {DIGITAL} media; Subject Term: {MOTION} pictures; Number of Pages: 43p. Document Type: Book Chapter Book Chapter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fah&AN=18583239&site=ehost-live 2000 oday_postmodernism_???? inbook Postmodernism and Television postmodernism television Requested on 4/9/09 http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/777/867/24078372w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812038141&dyn=12!xrn_17_0_N2812038141?sw_aep=viva_gmu hoffman_to_2006 article One way to study ontology is to assess how people differentiate real activities from others, and a good case is how groups organize simulation. However, social scientists have tended to discuss simulation in more limited ways, either as a symptom of postmodernism or as an instrumental artifact. Missing is how groups organize simulations to prepare for the future. First, I formulate a definition of simulation as a group-level technique, which includes the qualities of everyday ontology, playfulness, risk and consequence reduction, constrained innovation, and transportability. Next, I use ethnographic data collected at an amateur boxing gym to argue that simulations simplify the most risky, unpredictable, and interpersonal aspects of a consequential performance. The problem is that a simulation can rarely proceed exactly like the reality it is derived from. For example, boxers hold back in sparring but should not in competition. The effectiveness of a simulation therefore depends on how robust the model is and how well members translate the imperfect fit between the contextual norms of the simulation and its reality. Baudrillard ethnographic data inductive theory of {simulation ontology Reality simulation} 07352751 170--193 2 http://www.jstor.org/stable/25046717 Sociological Theory How to Punch Someone and Stay Friends: An Inductive Theory of Simulation 24 June 2006 Hoffman makes the argument that group simulation can rarely proceed exactly like the reality it is taken from. Hoffman uses a case study of amateur boxers watching a video of a fight to discuss the simulation. He argues from a sociologists perspective that when a high degree of interdependence occurs among participants, the more elaborate range of simulations. 10.2307/25046717 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Jun., 2006 / Copyright ???? 2006 American Sociological Association 2006-06 allen_channels_1987 book Channels of Discourse: Television and Contemporary Criticism {Baudrillard CRITICISM Reality simulation Television} criticism Chapel Hill 312 0807817325 1987 {PN1992.8.C7} C48 1987 University of North Carolina Press 1987 ferenz_fight_2005 article The present paper critically examines recent contributions to the concept of the unreliable narrator in film narrative theory. It takes issue with the latest tendency to unnecessarily widen the scope of the unreliable narrator. Instead, it is argued that only films in the classical Hollywood tradition that feature character??????narrators who ??????take over?????? their narratives fulfil the precondition for unreliable narration. Only in such instances will viewers attribute textual incongruities and referential difficulties to character??????narrators who can be given sufficient authority over their narratives and thus the blame for their unreliable reporting, interpreting or evaluating. When facing textual inconsistencies and referential problems in storytelling situations other than that, we already have an adequate set of recuperation strategies at hand in order to resolve such difficulties, and concepts such as the tradition of the art film, the notion of the uncanny or the genre of the fantasy film will lead to more satisfactory readings. {[ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR]} {CHARACTERS} \& characteristics in motion {pictures MOTION} {pictures NARRATIVE} theory {(Communication) NARRATORS STORYTELLING television unreliable} narrator 17400309 133--159 2 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fah&AN=18333677&site=ehost-live New Review of Film \& Television Studies {FIGHT} {CLUBS,} {AMERICAN} {PSYCHOS} {AND} {MEMENTOS.} 3 November 2005 Accession Number: 18333677; Ferenz, Volker 1; Email Address: vferenz@glos.ac.uk; Affiliations: 1: School of Arts, Media and Design, University of Gloucestershire, Pittville Campus, Albert Road, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire {GL52} {3JG,} {UK} Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p133; Subject Term: {NARRATORS;} Subject Term: {NARRATIVE} theory {(Communication);} Subject Term: {MOTION} pictures; Subject Term: {CHARACTERS} \& characteristics in motion pictures; Subject Term: {STORYTELLING;} Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 1 diagram. Document Type: Article} {Copyright of New Review of Film \& Television Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts.)} {Requested on 4/8/09 10.1080/17400300500213461 2005-11 davis_postmodern_1998 article Twentieth Century Literature {"Postmodern} Blackness": Toni Morrison's Beloved and the End of History "white" academic {theory 1960s 1970s African} {American Beloved both-and circularity counterhistory decadence doubleness essentialism foundationalism Francis} {Fukuyama Fredic} Jameson her-stories historiographic metafiction history "fictionality" {of inauthentic Ishmael} {Reed jazz Jean} {Baudrillard Linda} Hutcheon linear master('s) {narrative Milan} {Kundera parody pastiche post- Postmodern} {blackness postmodernism Postmodernism;} or The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism poststructuralism pre- psychic {wounds re- re-memory schizophrenic self-parody self-reflexivity Simians } Cyborgs and Women slave {narrative Tar} Baby teleological {metanarratives The} Black {Book Thomas} {Pynchon Toni} Morrison true-history {0041462X} 242--260 44 1998 2 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Summer, 1998 / Copyright ???? 1998 Hofstra University 10.2307/441873 http://www.jstor.org/stable/441873 1998 glass_multiplicity_1993 article This article looks at certain psychological problems in the post modern theory of self; specifically the concept of multiplicity and how that concept is to be understood. Considerable attention is given to Jean Baudrillard's notion of multiplicity, meaning and truth; in addition the essay examines the concept of multiplicity of self through the experience of multiple personality disorder. What is it that this experience reveals about the post modern theory of self and its celebration of 'multiplicity'? A case study {"Molly"} is used to raise questions about the psychological and practical implications of living with an unbounded, 'multiple' self. case {study change Derrida difference disconnection evil flux gestalt good hyperreal Identity Irigaray Jean} {Baudrillard Lyotard meaning } empty of search for multiple {personality multiplicity Nietzsche playfulness postmodern psychoanalytic Rorty self Sigmund} Freud simulation surreal terror transformation {0162895X} 255--278 2 http://www.jstor.org/stable/3791411 Political Psychology Multiplicity, Identity and the Horrors of Selfhood: Failures in the Postmodern Position 14 June 1993 10.2307/3791411 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: Special Issue: Political Theory and Political Psychology / Full publication date: Jun., 1993 / Copyright ???? 1993 International Society of Political Psychology 1993-06 hoffmann_modernism_2005 book Postmodern studies From Modernism to Postmodernism: Concepts and Strategies of Postmodern American Fiction 20th century 21st {century American} {fiction Fantastic History} and {criticism Modernism} {(Literature) Negation philosophy Postmodernism} {(Literature) Situationalism Space-time} {continuum United} States Amsterdam 750 9042018860 2005 Published in 2005, From Modernism to Postmodernism: Concepts and Strategies of Postmodern American Fiction is simultaneously ambitious and limited. Clearly written and thoughtfully organized, the text gives a bird-eye view of the postmodern theory, dividing the terrain topically in ten parts. Though it is impossible to exhaustively speak to every writer or text, African American writers/texts seem largely underrepresented. Still From Modernism to Postmodernism outlines the fundamental concerns and considerations of postmodern theory, making it an excellent companion for scholarly research. {PS374.P64} H64 2005 Rodopi 2005 duvall_productive_2002 book The {SUNY} series in postmodern culture Productive Postmodernism: Consuming Histories and Cultural Studies 20th {century Arts } {Modern Beloved Blade} {Runner Don} {DeLillo Fredic} {Jameson Libra Linda} {Hutcheon narrative postmodern Postmodernism Ridley} {Scott Toni} Morrison Albany 224 0791451933 2002 {NX456.5.P66} P763 2002 State University of New York Press 2002 hogue_postmodernism_2002 article African {American African} American {experience All-Night} {Vistors Charles} {Mingus Charlie} Parker chord {structure Clarence} Major decentered subject detective story discontinuity dominant {impulse Emergency} {Exit Enrique} {Dussel Eurocentrism human} {experience improvisation Ishmael} {Reed jazz John} {Barth Kimberly} Chabot {Davis Kurt} Vonnegut logocentric modernism moral {issues Mumbo} Jumbo mythology narrative narrative {voice Other postmodern} {skepticism rationality realism Reflex Reflex} and Bone Structure self-referential system social {issues Song} of {Solomon subjectivity Sula Toni} Morrison white/black {binary William} Burroughs world system 00295132 169--192 2/3 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1346182 {NOVEL:} A Forum on Fiction Postmodernism, Traditional Cultural Forms, and the African American Narrative: Major's {"Reflex",} Morrison's {"Jazz",} and Reed's {"Mumbo} Jumbo" 35 2002 W. Lawrence Hogue uses three texts to differentiate African American postmodern writers from white American postmodernists. He writes, {"Unlike} most white American postmodernists, most African American postmodern writers are not inclined to neglect moral and social issues, particularly racial issues in their narratives" {(Hogue} 169). His comparative analysis builds a case for {[Major,} Morrison and Reed's] "jazz aesthetics" as an effective weapon against the pejorative notions of Eurocentric thought. 10.2307/1346182 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: Contemporary African American Fiction and the Politics of Postmodernism / Full publication date: Spring - Summer, 2002 / Copyright ???? 2002 Duke University Press 2002 duvall_identifying_2000 book 1st ed The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness 20th {century African} American women in {literature African} Americans in {literature Criticism} and {interpretation history Modernism} {(Literature) Postmodernism} {(Literature) Race} in {literature Toni} {Morrison United} {States Women} and literature New York 182 0312234023 2000 {PS3563.O8749} Z616 2000 Palgrave 2000 dussere_review:_2002 article {NOVEL:} A Forum on Fiction Review: Postmodern Morrison {"Unspeakable} Things {Unspoken" Beloved intertext jazz John} {Duvall Paradise Race} {identity Song} of {Solomon Sula The} Bluest {Eye The} Identifying Fictions of Toni {Morrison Toni} Morrison 00295132 313--315 35 2002 2/3 {ArticleType:} secondary\_review / Reviewed Work: The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness by Duvall, John N. / Issue Title: Contemporary African American Fiction and the Politics of Postmodernism / Full publication date: Spring - Summer, 2002 / Copyright ???? 2002 Duke University Press 10.2307/1346189 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1346189 2002 mikics_postmodernism_1991 article Postmodern Culture Postmodernism, Ethnicity and Underground Revisionism in Ishmael Reed African American {writer Don} {DeLillo Henry} Louis Gates {Jr. James} {Snead jazz Jean} {Baudrillard Jurgen} Habermas lifeworld mass culture {images modernism Mumbo} Jumbo postmodern {writer postmodernism self-revising signifying Thomas} Pynchon vodoun 1053-1920 1 1991 3 Volume 1, Number 3, May 1991 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v001/1.3mikics.html 1991 rody_impossible_2000 article authorial {power Beloved Breakfast} of {Champions feminist Jacob's} Room jazz jazz {narrator Karen} Tei {Yamashita Kurt} Vonnegut narrative voice postethic perspective postmodern {narrative relationality telenovela textualization Through} the Arc of the Rain {Forest Toni} {Morrison Tropic} of {Orange Virginia} Woolf 00107484 618--641 4 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1209005 Contemporary Literature Impossible Voices: Ethnic Postmodern Narration in Toni Morrison's {"Jazz"} and Karen Tei Yamashita's {"Through} the Arc of the Rain Forest" 41 2000 Caroline Rody's {"Impossible} Voices" examines Toni Morrison and Karen Tei Yamashita through the lens of postmodern narration. Rody views postmodern narration as a result of "authorial thirst" and contemplates how female writers of different ethnicities will quench this thirst (621). She clearly delineates what constitutes postmodern narration and how each writer meets, exceeds, or transforms these expectations. It is worthy to note that her footnotes of particular value for those interested in overlapping areas of postmodern scholarly study. 10.2307/1209005 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Winter, 2000 / Copyright ???? 2000 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System 2000 harris_postmodernist_2005 article This article critically examines the postmodern Blackness phenomenon that seeks primacy in African American thought. Using an Afrocentric analytical approach centered on the axis of culture and history of African Americans, I argue that the postmodern Blackness phenomenon is an unfortunate and precarious turn away from relevance. In its disapproving attitude and stance on cultural identity and consciousness, the quintessential issues in political belonging and politics, postmodern Blackness behaves as an impediment in the African American quest for freedom. Among the political hazards wrought by postmodern Blackness are (a) incessant disunity among African descended peoples and (b) dependency on political actors external to the African American community who are well organized and purposeful in pursuit of their own interests. This analysis also explains that at its core, postmodernism is yet another way of expressing the individualistic ethos of the European worldview. Afrocentric analytical approach cultural {identity depedency difference Eurocentrism indeterminate} {consciousness multiple-identity postmodern Postmodern} blackness unity 00219347 209--228 2 http://www.jstor.org/stable/40034329 Journal of Black Studies Postmodernist Diversions in African American Thought 36 November 2005 10.2307/40034329 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Nov., 2005 / Copyright ???? 2005 Sage Publications, Inc. 2005-11 hooks_yearning:_1990 book Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics {"Postmodern} and Black {America" 1960s African} Americans black {power Cornel} West decentered {subject difference Intellectual} life master('s) {narrative Other Otherness politics} of {difference Postmodern} blackness Boston, {MA} 236 0896083861 1990 bell hooks famous essay {"Postmodern} Blackness" discusses the question of postmodernism in relation to African American literature. Though the question of including African American literature under the title "postmodern" causes some concern, she fears exclusion as well as the inclusion. She concludes "[t]o change the exclusionary practice of postmodern critical discourse is to enact a postmodernism of resistance" (30). E185.86 {.H742} 1990 South End Press 1990 english_postmodernism_2005 article Contemporary Literature Postmodernism, Urbanism, and African American Literary Studies "turn {south" authenticity Cornel} {West jazz Madhu} Dubey postmodern postmodern {crisis Signs} and Cities: Black Literary {Postmodernism Toni} Morrison 1548-9949 358--362 46 2005 2 Volume 46, Number 2, Summer 2005 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/contemporary_literature/v046/46.2english.html 2005 witzling_sensibility_2006 article Contemporary Literature The Sensibility of Postmodern Whiteness in V., or Thomas Pynchon's Identity Problem "waning of affect" "white liberal {guilt" 1960s African} American black culture black venacular black-white color {line heterogeneity hybridity jazz Rorty Thomas} Pynchon white 1548-9949 381--415 47 2006 3 Volume 47, Number 3, Fall 2006 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/contemporary_literature/v047/47.3witzling.html 2006 duvall_productive_2002-1 book The {SUNY} series in postmodern culture Productive Postmodernism: Consuming Histories and Cultural Studies {Barthelme Consuming} {literature Identity Metafiction parody pastiche Postmodern} {memorials Postmodernism Toni} Morrison Albany 224 0791451933 2002 {\textless}ul{\textgreater} {\textless}/ul{\textgreater} {{\textless}p{\textgreater}John} Duvall's {{\textless}em{\textgreater}Productive} Postmodernism: Consuming Histories and Cultural Studies {\textless}/em{\textgreater}is a collection of essays about various topics relating to postmodernist critical theory and its interaction with history, literature, and architecture and space-planning. Included in this book is Kimberly Chabot Davis's {"Postmodern} Blackness: Toni Morrison's {{\textless}em{\textgreater}Beloved} {\textless}/em{\textgreater}and the End of History," which (as we discussed in class) makes the argument that, despite some theorists asserting the opposite, Morrison's work is in fact postmodernist, as are other works of black literature. In particular, Davis questions the assertion by theorists such as Jameson and Fukuyama that "our postmodern society has reached the 'end of history'" {(Davis} 75). Davis takes an interesting approach in that she is reluctant to either label the novel equivocally postmodernist or not, rather, Davis claims that far from a rejection of history, Morrison is commited to a rewriting of it.{\textless}/p{\textgreater} {NX456.5.P66} P763 2002 State University of New York Press 2002 aubry_bewarefurrow_2006 article {MFS} Modern Fiction Studies Beware the Furrow of the Middlebrow: Searching for Paradise on The Oprah Winfrey Show Authors and marketplace {politics Consumers/Consuming} {literature Highbrow/middlebrow} {literature Oprah} {Winfrey Paradise} {(novel) postmodernism Readerly} {accessibility Toni} Morrison {1080-658X} 350--373 52 2006 2 Volume 52, Number 2, Summer 2006 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modern_fiction_studies/v052/52.2aubry.html 2006 dubey_contemporary_2002 article {NOVEL:} A Forum on Fiction Contemporary African American Fiction and the Politics of Postmodernism Black {literature Lyotard Metanarratives Postmodernist} {discourse Toni} Morrison 00295132 151--168 35 2002 2/3 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: Contemporary African American Fiction and the Politics of Postmodernism / Full publication date: Spring - Summer, 2002 / Copyright ???? 2002 Duke University Press 10.2307/1346181 https://login.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/1346181 2002 duvall_identifying_2000-1 book 1st ed The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness {Criticism Identity Otherness postmodernism Race} {relations Reflexivity Toni} {Morrison White} readers/black authors New York 182 0312234023 2000 {{\textless}p{\textgreater}John} Duvall (also the editor of {{\textless}em{\textgreater}Productive} Postmodernism{\textless}/em{\textgreater}) focuses exclusively on Morrison in {{\textless}em{\textgreater}The} Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness{\textless}/em{\textgreater}. Duvall's work questions Morrison both as a modernist and a postmodern author, examining ways in which Morrison's writing (particularly as it concerns questions of identity) engages with both modernism and postmodernism. Duvall is particularly interested in Morrison's biography and the elements of reflexivity between herself and her work.{\textless}/p{\textgreater} {PS3563.O8749} Z616 2000 Palgrave 2000 young_black_2006 book 1st ed Black Writers, White Publishers: Marketplace Politics in {Twentieth-Century} African American Literature {AFRICAN} American {authors African} Americans in {literature Consumerism} and {literature Politics} and {literature Popular} {audiences postmodernism Race} in literature Jackson, {[Miss.]} 230 1578068460 2006 {{\textless}p{\textgreater}John} Young's {{\textless}em{\textgreater}Black} Writers, White Publishers {\textless}/em{\textgreater}examines questions of identity in relation to black authorship operating within a system of white publishers and primarily white audiences. Young asserts that a "historicist attention to these social and cultural contexts" is necessary to comment on the "complex negotiations" of black authors in the current and past literary marketplace {(Young} 5). Young's chapter {"Tony} Morrison, Oprah Winfrey, and Popular Audiences" (which appeared in an earlier version as an essay in the 2001 issue of {{\textless}em{\textgreater}African} American Review) {\textless}/em{\textgreater}focuses on Winfrey's role as a cultural creator and mediator in the relationship between Morrison's previously considered "black literature" and Winfrey's primarily white audience and the accompanying rise of Morrison's sales and popularity.{\textless}/p{\textgreater} {PS153.N5} Y625 2006 University Press of Mississippi 2006 rafael_prez-torres_knitting_1993 article {MFS} Modern Fiction Studies Knitting and Knotting the Narrative {Thread??????Beloved} as Postmodern Novel {Absence/presence Aesthetics} of {postmodernism Beloved Fractured/fragmented} {narrative Toni} Morrison {1080-658X} 689--707 39 1993 3-4 Volume 39, Number 3\&4, {Fall/Winter} 1993 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modern_fiction_studies/v039/39.3-4.perez-torres.html 1993 ziarek_ethics_2001 book An Ethics of Dissensus: Postmodernity, Feminism, and the Politics of Radical Democracy Agency and {writing Feminist} {writing Postmodern} {blackness Postmodernism Sexual} {difference Toni} {Morrison Women} as {authors Women} as subject Stanford, Calif 288 0804741026 2001 {\textless}p style="text-align: {left;"{\textgreater}In} {{\textless}em{\textgreater}An} Ethics of Dissensus: Postmodernity, Feminist, and the Politics of Radical Democracy, {{\textless}/em{\textgreater}Ewa} Plonowska Ziarek analyses what she terms the "implications of postmodern ethics" in relation to racial and gender difference {(Ziarek} 3). Ziarek argues that the postmodern paradigmatical shift necessitates a reexamining of "ethical reflection," despite the general move in postmodernism away from ethics as an area of study or concern in favor of universality. Ziarek responds to postmodernist theorists such as Lyotard and feminist theorists including Irigaray and Kristeva on a varity of topics including psychoanalysis, sexual difference, "radical democracy," and postmodern blackness. Of particular interest in Ziarek's chapter {"Postmodern} {Blackness/Visionary} Feminism: Paradigms of Subjectivity, Community, and Ethics if bell hook's' Work,{\textless}br /{\textgreater} which includes Morrison's {{\textless}em{\textgreater}Beloved} {\textless}/em{\textgreater}as a novel of contestation concerning black literature and postmodernism.{\textless}/p{\textgreater} {BJ324.P67} Z53 2001 Stanford University Press 2001 hoem_disabling_2002 article {NOVEL:} A Forum on Fiction Disabling Postmodernism: Wideman, Morrison and Prosthetic Critique {Disability/ability Donna} {Haraway John} {Wideman Otherness Postmodernist} {discourse Toni} Morrison 00295132 193--210 35 2002 2/3 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: Contemporary African American Fiction and the Politics of Postmodernism / Full publication date: Spring - Summer, 2002 / Copyright ???? 2002 Duke University Press 10.2307/1346183 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1346183 2002 emily_apter_technics_2008 article Postmodern Culture Technics of the Subject: The {Avatar-Drive} digital {avatar Massively} Multiplayer Online Games {(MMOG) metaverse psychology} and avatars simulation 1053-1920 18 2008 2 This article sets out to prove that an avatar is much more than a player's virtual name/face; it is an extension of oneself and is the "visible interface of the psychic drive." This article provides an intensive review of the avatar, including the origins of the word, the applications thereof, and especially the psychology behind the choosing and using of an avatar. The authors bring in Freud, Lacan, and others in their connection between the avatar and the gamer and in their discussion of the self, the ego, and the id. Volume 18, Number 2, January 2008 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v018/18.2.apter.html 2008 atkins_what_2006 article Games and Culture What Are We Really Looking at?: The {Future-Orientation} of Video Game Play digital games game gaze and cinema gaze game play graphics and visual experience player as consumer screens and images 127--140 April 1 2006 2 10.1177/1555412006286687 http://gac.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/1/2/127 2006-04 habermas_modernity_1981 article New German Critique Modernity versus Postmodernity aesthetic modernity antimodern premodern postmodern cultural/societal modernity modernity and Enlightenment negation of culture young old and neoconservatives {0094033X} 3--14 1981 22 10.2307/487859 http://www.jstor.org/stable/487859 1981 law-yone_simulation/gaming_2000 article Simulation Gaming {Simulation/Gaming} in a Postmodern World {continuity gaming ISAGA postmodernism serendipity simulation} 93--99 March 31 2000 1 The real meat of this article is toward the end, under the subheading {"Postmodernity,"} in which the author leaves discussion of his association with {ISAGA} {(International} Simulation and Gaming Association) and begins to explore the relationship between simulation/gaming and modernism vs. postmodernism. Unfortunately, just when it feels like he's finally getting started on something, the article ends. For instance, he questions the relationship between the simulation and postmodernism and makes the assertion that simulation/gaming is actually modernism, using Baudrillard as support, and that only simulation of simulation would be postmodern, but then doesn't elaborate on what he means by simulation of simulation and thus what this says in relation to current "simulation" games today. Still, this article is interesting for what it begins/attempts to say about the connection between simulation and modernism vs. postmodernism, even if in skeletal form. 10.1177/104687810003100109 http://sag.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/31/1/93 2000-03 schut_strategic_2007 article Games and Culture Strategic Simulations and Our Past: The Bias of Computer Games in the Presentation of History digital games gaming biases gaming ideologies historical simulations simulation 213--235 July 2 2007 3 10.1177/1555412007306202 http://gac.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/2/3/213 2007-07 ryan_beyond_2002 article Poetics Today Beyond Myth and Metaphor: Narrative in Digital Media digital textuality hypertext interactivity myth and metaphor narrative interface virtual reality 1527-5507 581--609 23 2002 4 This article talks about literary narratives versus digital narratives, and about hypertext as a "literary form of digital narrative." It discusses the relationship between computers and storytelling by explaining how story comes about through the interaction between user and computer as character, and also spends a great deal of time on other types of interactions, such as internal/external, exploratory/ontological, etc. Volume 23, Number 4, Winter 2002 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/poetics_today/v023/23.4ryan.html 2002 molesworth_digital_2007 article Games and Culture Digital Play and the Actualization of the Consumer Imagination aesthetic drama consumer imagination digital environment metaverse virtual consumption 114--133 April 2 2007 2 This is the second source I found that references the novel, Snow Crash and the term, "metaverse," coined therein. This article describes "metaverse" as a "huge, global, digital simulation where inhabitants of the material world go for recreation... structured as an extreme parody of a consumer society." This metaverse compares to our virtual reality, according to the article's authors {(Molesworth} and {Denegri-Knott)} as can be seen in games like Gran Turismo, The Sims, Second Life, World of Warcraft, etc. The article talks largely of digital virtual consumption, or put simply, buying "virtual" goods or otherwise acting as a consumer in a virtual world. It examines consumer practices and consumer imagination while discussing the real and the virtual. 10.1177/1555412006298209 http://gac.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/2/2/114 2007-04 calleja_digital_2007 article Games and Culture Digital Game Involvement: A Conceptual Model digital environment game involvement in-game {motion Massively} Multiplayer Online Games {(MMOG) virtual} incorporation 236--260 July 2 2007 3 10.1177/1555412007306206 http://gac.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/2/3/236 2007-07 hayles_we_1999 book 1 How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics cybernetic cyborg human {evolution Katherine} Hayles philip k. dick posthuman science fiction 0226321460 February 1999 University Of Chicago Press 1999-02 gonzalez_envisioning_2000 incollection Gill Kirkup and Linda Janes and Kathryn Woodward Envisioning Cyborg Bodies: Notes from Current Research {advertisements bisexuality cyborg gender Jennifer} Gonzalez passing race sculpture 58--73 0415220904, 9780415220903 2000 The Gendered Cyborg: A Reader Gonzalez examines images and representations of cyborgs historically, raising questions of rights and power in the politics of cyborg bodies. Gonzalez defines a cyborg body as any that is both its own agent and subject to the power of other agencies. Dividing this very broad definition into two, she identifies organic cyborgs and mechanical cyborgs as both being manifestations of the cyborg consciousness. This consciousness is the underlying trend of which the cyborg is the symptom. 2000 lunenfeld_digital_2001 book The Digital Dialectic: New Essays on New Media {Cyberspace cyborg Digital} {Cinema hypertext New} {Media Peter} {Lunenfield Virtual} 0262621371, 9780262621373 2001 2001 allison_cyborg_2001 article 08867356 237--265 2 http://www.jstor.org/stable/656538 Cultural Anthropology Cyborg Violence: Bursting Borders and Bodies with Queer Machines 16 May 2001 She argues against the critical and popular perspective of violence in media as primarily destructive, stating that it is also constructive and creative. As the creation of cyborgs is necessitated by the death of the human, she argues that transhumans created by destruction and violence exceed the parameters of a single identity and in that sense are queer. She examines the appeal of shows like Sailor Moon and Astro Boy to children, concluding that the fascination is with the construction and transformation of transhuman characters, and that that transformation is always linked to destruction in the battle sequences. She views the productive power of cyborgs as the potential of artifice to overcome (gendered) power structures based on worldviews that depend on the natural body. 10.2307/656538 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: May, 2001 / Copyright ???? 2001 American Anthropological Association 2001-05 beller_desiringinvoluntary:_1996 incollection Rob Wilson and Wimal Dissanayake Desiring the Involuntary: Machinic Assemblage and Transnationalism in Deleuze and Robocop 2 {cyborg Deleuze Globalization Governance Jonathan} {Beller Robocop} {2 Transnationalism} 193--218 0822317125, 9780822317128 1996 {Global/Local:} Cultural Production and the Transnational Imaginary Beller analyzes the cyborg figure in modernization and globalization in general through his specific analysis of his viewing of the Robocop 2 film. The cyborg is the limit-figure for conjunction of the global and the local, for the human and technology (endemic to capitalism). Modern society is joining the cybernetic/mechanic and the aesthetic. He deals with Deleuze's ideas about the breakdown between inside and outside, the termination of the subject. 1996 balsamo_technologies_1996 book Technologies of the Gendered Body Anne {Balsamo culture cyberpunk cyborg feminism gender Margaret} {Atwood Mondo} {2000 Pumping} Iron {II science} fiction 219 0822316986, 9780822316985 1996 Balsamo assumes that the body is a cultural production, embodying performed identities and defining the limits of self. She performs close readings of science fiction, films, and other media, analyzing productions of the gendered body in the '80s and '90s. She analyzes how cultural codes of gender intersect with technology to reproduce gender patterns, but focuses less on the history and materiality of technologies and more on their discursive effects. In her chapter on virtual reality, she argues that visualization technologies do not represent but recreate reality. 1996 bukatman_terminal_1993 book Terminal Identity: The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction {cyborg History} and {criticism Identity} {(Psychology)} in {literature Postmodernism} {(Literature) science} {fiction Scott} {Bukatman subjectivity Techology Virtual} reality in literature Durham 404 0822313324 1993 {PS374.S35} B84 1993 Duke University Press 1993 mcluhan_understanding_1994 book Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man 20th century cyborg human {evolution Marshall} {McLuhan mass} {media New} Media 0262631598 October 1994 The {MIT} Press 1994-10 zamora_magical_1995 book Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community 20th {century FICTION History} and {criticism Magic} realism {(Literature) Spanish} American fiction Durham, {N.C} 581 0822316110 1995 Wendy Faris is considered to a key figure in the study of magical realism. Her book addresses early writings on magical realism, including Franz Roh's 1925 {"Magical} Realism: Post Expressionism" and Carpentier's 1949 {"On} the Marvelous Real in America". However, Faris expands the scope of magical realism to include an international range, including not only Latin American works and authors, but also works from Japan and Canada and authors such as Rushdie. As Janet Walker addresses in her article {"Ordinary} Enchantments", Faris suggests that magical realism is an escape from {post-colonialism.Faris} argues that magical realism is a genre rather than a narrative technique, and she argues that this distinct genre has social and political contexts. Faris also makes connections between magical realism and post-modernism. {PN56.M24} M34 1995 Duke University Press 1995 eugene_l._arva_writingvanishing_2008 article Journal of Narrative Theory Writing the Vanishing Real: Hyperreality and Magical Realism {Baudrillard experience Frederic} {Jameson Guy} {Debard Ihab} {Hassan metaphor realism The} Society of Spectacle 1548-9248 60--85 38 2008 1 This article analyzes magical realism in the context of post-modernism. Arva references Baudrillard's idea of hyper-reality, as well as works by Ihab Hassan and Frderic Jameson which were studied earlier in the semester. Additionally, Arva references Guy Debard's 1967 work, The Society of Spectacle, which focuses on images as a substitution for reality. While Debard argues that "spectacle is becoming dangerously close to becoming our only way of copy with [reality] and, ultimately, our only way of perceiving ourselves in relation to it", Arva seems to suggest that magical realist writing allows us to obtain a better understanding of reality (62). Arva suggests that magical realist writing is "an attempt to recreate traumatic events by simulating the overwhelming affects" (61). He argues that magical realism supports the postmodern view that there are multiple realities, and he refers to magical realism as presenting a "kaleidoscope of realities" (78). Volume 38, Number 1, Winter 2008 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/journal_of_narrative_theory/v038/38.1.arva.html 2008 wallace_tropics_2001 article symploke Tropics of Globalization: Reading the New North America Arjun {Appadurai Fredric} {Jameson Karen} Tei {Yamashita Modernity} at {Large multiculturalism NAFTA Tropic} of {Cancer Tropic} of {Orange US/Mexico} border 1534-0627 145--160 9 2001 1 In this article, Wallace analyzes Yamashita's work as a commentary on free-trade and the {US/Mexico} border. However, she points out that Yamishita is making points that are much broader than {US/Mexico} relations and extend to a global scale, as is evident in her choice to make the Tropic of Cancer the "global border" (152). Wallace studies Yamishita's work as compared to Appadorais's {MODERNITY} {AT} {LARGE:} {THE} {CULTURAL} {DIMENSIONS} {OF} {GLOBALIZATION.} Additionally, Wallace refers to the work of Fredric Jameson. Wallce provide information on {NAFTA} and discusses {THE} {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE} as a "metaphorical representation of {NAFTA"} (148). She addresses issues of the {US/Mexico} border, as well as issues of multiculturalism. Volume 9, Numbers 1-2, 2001 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/symploke/v009/9.1wallace.html 2001 walker_ordinary_2007 article Comparative Literature Studies Ordinary Enchantments: Magical Realism and the Remystification of Narrative (review) defocalization female magical realist writers hybridity magical realism-background magical {realism-genre post-colonial Wendy} {Faris Western} realism 1528-4212 510--514 44 2007 4 This article by Janet Walker is largely an overview of Wendy Faris's writings on magical realism. Walker begins the article with background information on the term "magical realism" and then focuses exclusively on Faris's work. She highlights the fact that, unlike other scholars, Faris insists that magical realism is not simply a narrative technique, but, rather, it "is a genre, a social institution" (511). Faris does not neglect "the social, political, and ideological contexts in which [magical realism] occurs" (511). Walker discusses Faris's comparison of a shaman healing the individual and community to "the contemporary magical realist writer [who] uses verbal magic to cure the reader of the too-stifling anchoring to a material reality that was the goal of realistic representation" (513). Walker also highlights Faris's focus on the significance of female writers in "the second generation of magical realist writers", pointing out that Faris says that women "have felt like a colony" and "magical realism provides an exit for the colonized position" (513). In the end of her article, Walker does criticize Faris, saying that "by bringing so many writers of so many diverse nations under one umbrella, Faris risks erasing their differing 'cultural needs and agendas'" (514). Walker argues that Faris ignores the fact that some writers are "hybrids", crossing boundaries between classification as postcolonial and Western. Volume 44, Number 4, 2007 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/comparative_literature_studies/v044/44.4walker.html 2007 chuh_of_2006 article Asian American {literature Brazil Brazil-Maro Circle} K {Cycles Japanese} {American Through} the Arc of the Rain {Forest Yamishita-biography} 08967148 618--637 3 http://www.jstor.org/stable/3876726 American Literary History Of Hemispheres and Other Spheres: Navigating Karen Tei Yamashita's Literary World 18 October 2006 In this article, Kandice Chuh discusses Yamishita's work in the context of Asian American literature, focusing on novels other than {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE.} Despite this specific focus, however, Chuh points out Yamishita's "hybrid" nature as she provides an overview of Yamishita's biography and influences. Both Yamishita and her work cross {boundaries.Thus,} even Yamishita's life is like her work in that they both "encourage an opening out of {US} boundaries in different registers [...] and multiple directions". 10.2307/3876726 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Oct. 1, 2006 / Copyright ???? 2006 Oxford University Press 2006-10 lee_we_2007 article {MFS} Modern Fiction Studies {"We} Are Not the World": Global Village, Universalism, and Karen Tei Yamashita's Tropic of Orange Consumerism global {village Globalization romantic} {universalism Tropic} of Orange universalism {1080-658X} 501--527 53 2007 3 In this article, Lee focuses on Yamishita's {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE} and examines what she refers to as "the two dueling tensions in the novel's exploration of the globalist 'we' and examines those tensions in relation to contemporary debates on universalism" (502-3). Lee discusses the symbolism of the shifting Tropic of Cancer, and she suggests that, in her treatment and portrayal of multiculturalism, Yamashita is posing a "challenge to the global village universalism" (507). Lee goes on to suggest that Manzanar represents the "romantic universalism" idealized (513). She concludes her article by arguing that Yamashita is praising the power of this ideal notion and suggests that it can be, in a sense, a solution to the problems of the global village. Volume 53, Number 3, Fall 2007 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/modern_fiction_studies/v053/53.3lee.html 2007 mark_chiang_capitalizing_2008 article American Literary History Capitalizing Form: The Globalization of the Literary Field: A Response to David {Palumbo-Liu} cognitive mapping cultural {capital David} {Palumbo-Liu Globalization Jameson Tropic} of Orange 1468-4365 836--844 20 2008 4 In this article, Mark Chiang examines the idea of form. He then takes these ideas and examines Yamishita's {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE} as a work of postmodern magical realism. He suggests that the novel is really an example of "global realism" (841). Chiang examines Jameson's ideas of "cognitive mapping" as seen in the novel and suggests that the act of conducting (most clearly seen in the character of Manzanar) is a form of cognitive mapping. Chiang suggests that the novel is postmodern because of its "historical flattening", as seen in Manzanar's character. Manzanar is confused by the new ideas of globalization and resorts to an old practice--conducting. Volume 20, Number 4, Winter 2008 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/american_literary_history/v020/20.4.chiang.html 2008 patell_comparative_1999 article alternative histories boundaries cosmopolitanism hybridity multiculturalism pluralist view polygenetic appropach universalism 08967148 166--186 1 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/490082 American Literary History Comparative American Studies: Hybridity and beyond 11 1999 This article addresses shifts in literature in terms of hybrid identities. Patell refers to Carolyn Porter's assertion that boundaries in literature are being "re-mapped", in part due to "identity politics" {(166).Patell} makes frequent reference to the writings of David A. Hollinger Patell discusses multiculturalism in terms of both a pluralist view and a polygenetic view, as well as cosmopolitanism. Patell argues that "hybridity allows us to see that what appeared to be an either/or sitatuion is in reality a situation of both/and" (177), supporting the new boundaries in literature being developed by merging cultures. 10.2307/490082 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Spring, 1999 / Copyright ???? 1999 Oxford University Press 1999 mitchell_reconfigured_1994 book Illustrated The Reconfigured Eye: Visual Truth in the {Post-Photographic} Era {Copies Digital} {Photography Displacement Figure Manipulation Mutability Subfigure Visual} Structure 273 0262631601, 9780262631600 1994 {MIT} Press 1994 yee_proteus_2009 article Virtual environments allow individuals to dramatically alter their self-representation. More important, studies have shown that people infer their expected behaviors and attitudes from observing their avatar's appearance, a phenomenon known as the Proteus effect. For example, users given taller avatars negotiated more aggressively than users given shorter avatars. Two studies are reported here that extend our understanding of this effect. The first study extends the work beyond laboratory settings to an actual online community. It was found that both the height and attractiveness of an avatar in an online game were significant predictors of the player's performance. In the second study, it was found that the behavioral changes stemming from the virtual environment transferred to subsequent face-to-face interactions. Participants were placed in an immersive virtual environment and were given either shorter or taller avatars. They then interacted with a confederate for about 15 minutes. In addition to causing a behavioral difference within the virtual environment, the authors found that participants given taller avatars negotiated more aggressively in subsequent face-to-face interactions than participants given shorter avatars. Together, these two studies show that our virtual bodies can change how we interact with others in actual avatar-based online communities as well as in subsequent face-to-face interactions. {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Communication Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts) {Avatar Computer} {Simulation Internet} {Games Online} Social {Networks Proteus} {Effect Shared} Virtual {Environments Transformed} Social Interaction virtual reality 00936502 285--312 2 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=36903089&site=ehost-live Communication Research The Proteus Effect: Implications of Transformed Digital {Self-Representation} on Online and Offline Behavior. 36 April 2009 Accession Number: 36903089; Yee, Nick 1; Bailenson, Jeremy N. 2; Ducheneaut, Nicolas 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Communication, Stanford University.; 2: Assistant professor, Department of Communication, Stanford University.; 3: Research scientist, Computing Science Laboratory, Palo Alto Research Center {(PARC).;} Issue Info: Apr2009, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p285; Subject Term: {VIRTUAL} reality; Subject Term: {COMPUTER} simulation; Subject Term: {SHARED} virtual environments; Subject Term: {AVATARS} {(Computer} graphics); Subject Term: {INTERNET} games; Subject Term: {ONLINE} social networks; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: avatars; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: transformed social interaction; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: virtual environments; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article Article 2009-04 diehl_unintended_2008 article Since its inception in 2003, the popularity of Second Life {(SL),} an online {3-D} virtual environment, has increased exponentially. The global reach of {SL} and the opportunities it provides for cross-cultural exchange using multiple modes of communication in real and virtual worlds make it an ideal venue to examine cross-cultural engagement. Drawing on Cultural Historical Activity Theory and Heyward's model of intercultural literacy, this article analyses findings from an exploratory study examining the construction of cultural identity and development of intercultural literacy among 29 {SL} participants. The authors argue that {SL} Residents participate in an Activity System, engaging in myriad activities (e.g. language classes) which provide structured environments that generate both intended and unintended outcomes. The findings reveal that in many ways participation in {SL} enhanced participants' intercultural literacy - for example, by fostering use of multiple languages, cross-cultural encounters and friendships, greater awareness of insider cultural perspectives, and openness towards new viewpoints. Additionally, respondents used their avatar's appearance to construct shifting cultural identities. Although the cross-cultural exchanges in {SL} do not guarantee intercultural literacy, they provide participants with opportunities to move in that direction. {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Language \& Intercultural Communication is the property of Multilingual Matters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts) Avatar cultural {identity Intercultural} {Communication Internet} {Mediation Literacy Multicultural} {Education Second} {Life Virtual} World 14708477 101--118 2 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=34257151&site=ehost-live Language \& Intercultural Communication Unintended Outcomes in Second Life: Intercultural Literacy and Cultural Identity in a Virtual World. 8 May 2008 This article argues that the game Second Life is an effective method of public relations because it distorts and exploits public opinion. The paper calls for organizations that lend credibility to Second Life to first consider the "ethical implications of promoting this market driven cyber-illusion." 10.1080/14708470802139619 2008-05 sontag_regardingpain_2003 book First edition Regarding the Pain of Others {Ethics Horror Interpretation Political} {Strategy Psychological} {Trauma Representation Staged} {Photography War} Imagery New York 0-374-24858-3 2003 Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2003 van_dijck_digital_2008 article Taking photographs seems no longer primarily an act of memory intended to safeguard a family's pictorial heritage, but is increasingly becoming a tool for an individual's identity formation and communication. Digital cameras, cameraphones, photoblogs and other multipurpose devices are used to promote the use of images as the preferred idiom of a new generation of users. The aim of this article is to explore how technical changes (digitization) combined with growing insights in cognitive science and socio-cultural transformations have affected personal photography. The increased manipulation of photographic images may suit the individual's need for continuous self-remodelling and instant communication and bonding. However, that same manipulability may also lessen our grip on our images' future repurposing and reframing. Memory is not eradicated from digital multipurpose tools. Instead, the function of memory reappears in the networked, distributed nature of digital photographs, as most images are sent over the internet and stored in virtual space. {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Visual Communication is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts) Camera {Phones Digital} {Photography Distribution Identity} {Formation Memory Networking} {Images Self-Remodelling Technology Virtual} {Space Visual} Culture 14703572 57--76 1 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=31609218&site=ehost-live Visual Communication Digital photography: communication, identity, memory. 7 February 2008 Accession Number: 31609218; Van Dijck, Jos???? 1; Email Address: {J.F.T.M.vanDijck@uva.nl;} Affiliations: 1: University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p57; Thesaurus Term: {PHOTOGRAPHS;} Thesaurus Term: {PHOTOGRAPHY;} Thesaurus Term: {IDIOMS;} Thesaurus Term: {INTERNET;} Subject Term: {DIGITAL} techniques; Subject Term: {IMAGE} processing; Subject Term: {DIGITAL} cameras; Subject Term: {CAMERA} phones; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Abu Ghraib pictures; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: digital technology; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: identity formation; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: memory photography; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: visual culture; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except {One-Hour);} {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 812922 {One-Hour} Photofinishing; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article} {Photography has evolved from a tool for recording pictorial heritage to a means of shaping identity and communication. Digital photography and technological advances have transformed and affected our relationship to images. Memory and visual culture are restructured as a result of photographic manipulation and the instant accessibility of images. 10.1177/1470357207084865 2008-02 rickertsen_virtually_2008 article Conference Papers -- International Communication Association Previous work on human memory has shown that prompting subjects with false events and self-relevant information via narratives, mental imagery, and edited two dimensional images creates false memories. Using immersive virtual environment technology {(IVET)} this study examines how memory is affected by witnessing a dynamic simulation of an avatar bearing physical resemblance to oneself performing a novel action never performed by the physical self. Fifty-five pre-school and elementary children were randomly assigned to one of four memory prompt conditions (idle, mental imagery, {IVET} simulation of another child, or {IVET} simulation of self). Results showed that pre-school children were near ceiling and developed false memories regardless of condition. For elementary children the mental imagery and {IVET} self conditions caused significantly more false memories to emerge than the two control conditions. Implications are discussed regarding the use of digital media in the courtroom, clinical therapy settings, entertainment, and other applications. {..PAT.-Unpublished} Manuscript {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Conference Papers -- International Communication Association is the property of International Communication Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts) Virtually True: Children's Acquisition of False Memories in Virtual Reality. {Avatar Children Digital} {Media False} {Memory IVET VIRTUAL} reality 1--17 2008 Accession Number: 36956608; Rickertsen, Kathryn 1; Email Address: kathrynyr@gmail.com; Bailenson, Jeremy 1; Email Address: Bailenson@stanford.edu; Affiliations: 1: Stanford U; Issue Info: 2008 Annual Meeting, p1; Thesaurus Term: {MEMORY;} Thesaurus Term: {DIGITAL} media; Subject Term: {AVATARS} {(Computer} graphics); Subject Term: {VIRTUAL} reality; Subject Term: {CHILDREN;} {Author-Supplied} Keyword: false memories; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: {IVET;} {Author-Supplied} Keyword: virtual reality; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 color; Document Type: Article} {This is a study of memory acquisition. Children were shown avatar versions of themselves performing scenarios. Later the memories were reinforced and at times, falsely acquired. The study shows how memories are more often distorted when they are reinforced by visual imagery. Article http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=36956608&site=ehost-live 2008 chory_media_2009 article Communication Reports This study explored the relationships between dependence on video games and television and relational maintenance strategy use. One hundred and sixty-three male and female undergraduate students completed self-report measures of media dependence and relational maintenance. Results indicate that higher levels of media dependence predicted lower use of all the maintenance strategies, with video game dependence being a stronger predictor than television dependence. The results are discussed in terms of the roles that exposure to antisocial content and media involvement play in explaining the relationship between media dependence and relational maintenance. {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Communication Reports is the property of Western States Communication Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts) Media Dependence and Relational Maintenance in Interpersonal Relationships. {Addiction Conflict} {Management Dependence Interpersonal} {Relationships Involvement television VIDEO} games 08934215 41--53 22 2009 1 10.1080/08934210902798502 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=37195107&site=ehost-live 2009 demetrious_secrecy_2008 article This paper analyses the main Second Life Grid??????an Internet-based business platform with dynamic social, techno-economic, sensual-aesthetic, and psychological complexities??????as an example of public relations. It argues that Second Life is a more subversive, politically oriented, and powerful form of public relations, because it invisibly exploits and invades the process of the formation of public opinion. The paper argues that Australian organisations such as Telstra, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation {(ABC),} and the Australian Film Television and Radio School {(AFTRS),} which lend Second Life credibility through their recruitment, need to ask critical questions about the ethical implications of promoting this market-driven cyber-illusion. The paper begins by defining public relations {(Habermas,} 1995, 1 984, 1989; Gramsci in Storey, 2006) and investigating any links between public relations and Second Life. In particular, it investigates Second Life's defining claim that it is imagined, created and owned by its residents' and concludes with a series of questions that organisations seeking involvement in Second Life should consider as part of their decision-making. {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Australian Journal of Communication is the property of Copyright Agency Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts) Computer Network {Resources Illusions Online} Social {Networks Public} {Relations Second} {Life Unreality} 08116202 1--13 1 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=33871590&site=ehost-live Australian Journal of Communication Secrecy and illusion: Second Life and the construction of unreality. 35 July 2008 Online virtual environments such as Second Life may actually enhance cross-cultural literacy and identity. This occurs because of structured activities such as language classes. While relationships in the virtual world don't necessarily lead to intercultural literacy, they may be led that way unintentionally. Article 2008-07 adams_ends_2007 article Twentieth Century Literature Literature Online The ends of America, the ends of postmodernism. 1980s cold war containment culture dystopia pynchon {0041462X} 248 2007 Adams contends that many of the american authors we consider to be postmodern ( {DeLillo,} Pynchon, Vonnegut, Barthelme, etc) were 'born' out of a reaction to what she calls "containment culture" in Cold War era America. That being said, she believes that many of the tenets of postmodernism, such as dark humor, cynicism, paranoia, if not the entire movement of Postmodernism itself, died along side the Cold War in the late 1980s. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:lion-us&rft_id=xri:lion:rec:abell:R04012114 2007 nash_doomsday_1998 book 1 Doomsday Belly 0963919245 August 1998 Trip Street Press 1998-08 rosen_apocalyptic_2008 book Literature Online Apocalyptic transformation: apocalypse and the postmodern imagination. america apocalypse cinema dystopia postmodern fiction 2008 Copyright ???? 1996-2009 {ProQuest} {LLC.} All Rights Reserved. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:lion-us&rft_id=xri:lion:rec:abell:R04086478 2008 coale_paradigms_2005 book Paradigms of Paranoia: The Culture of Conspiracy in Contemporary American Fiction 20th {century American} {fiction Conspiracies Conspiracies} in {literature history History} and {criticism Paranoia Paranoia} in {literature Political} fiction {American Politics} and {literature Postmodernism} {(Literature) United} States Tuscaloosa 258 0817314474 2005 {PS374.C594} C63 2005 University of Alabama Press 2005 kraemer_brake_2002 article Texas Studies in Literature and Language Literature Online The brake of time: Corso's bomb as postmodern god(dess). apocalypse bomb corso disarmament dystopia postmodern poetry 00404691 211 44 2002 2 Copyright ???? 1996-2009 {ProQuest} {LLC.} All Rights Reserved.} {This article addresses the soemtimes cryptic apopcalyptic love ode of {NY} School poet Gregory Corso's {"Bomb."} Kraemer accepts the poem as a literal ode from the author to his love -- a "postmodern goddess." The piece discusses the surreality and "postmodernity" of Corso's reaction to and against the Cold War, human annihilation, and the ensuing chaos. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:lion-us&rft_id=xri:lion:rec:abell:R01682210 2002 sharrett_crisis_1993 book 1st Crisis Cinema: The Apocalyptic Idea in Postmodern Narrative Cinema apocalypse dystopia film futuristic politics postmodern narrative sci-fi 0944624197 May 1993 This is a collection of essays published in 1993 examining the treatment of the apocalypse in modern film. The book's contents (from Blade Runner and Mad Max, to Taxi Driver and Rumble Fish) mainly deal with the "crisis in meaning" of American apolcalypse as well as the crisis of the "end of the social," and how they are represented in film, as a means to represent the real. Authors take a philosophical and critical theorist approach (rather than a pop cultural or sociological one), citing Barthes, Jameson, Neitchze, in examining the media's illustrations of catastrophe, response, and dystopia. Maisonneuve Press 1993-05 heffernan_post-apocalyptic_2008 book {Post-Apocalyptic} Culture: Modernism, Postmodernism, and the {Twentieth-Century} Novel 20th {century American} {fiction Apocalypse} in {literature English} {fiction History} and {criticism Modernism} {(Literature) Order} in {literature Postmodernism} {(Literature) Redemption} in literature Toronto 208 9780802098153 2008 {PN3503} University of Toronto Press 2008 parrish_civil_2008 book Literature Online From the Civil War to the Apocalypse: postmodern history and American fiction. american fiction american postmodernism history literature postmodernism 2008 Copyright ???? 1996-2009 {ProQuest} {LLC.} All Rights Reserved. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:lion-us&rft_id=xri:lion:rec:abell:R04118795 2008 walker_squid-heads_2004 article Literature and Psychology Literature Online Squid-heads and coppertops: discursive power in the postmodern filmic dystopia. dystopian power film filmic heirarchy hegemony matrix 00244759 43 2004 Copyright ???? 1996-2009 {ProQuest} {LLC.} All Rights Reserved.} {Walker considers filmic representations of cities (their identities) and their relation to power structures in fairly recent (from Terminator and Blade Runner to the Matrix Trilogy) science fiction dystopian narratives. He argues that the horrific illustrations of uber-urban wastelands in these futuristic movies are used as fear tactics, by the media to reestablish social and political control over the populace, while "legitimizing" traditional power structures. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:lion-us&rft_id=xri:lion:rec:abell:R03466881 2004 wadia_so_2003 article Focuses on the marginal, the multiple, and the auxiliary details in moving toward an antistructuralist film criticism. Roland Barthes' frustration with the institutionalization of semiotics; Interpretation of the cinematic stage through its continual re-appropriation by metanarratives; Detachment of the visual image from its narrative structure in order to challenge the symbolic itself. antistructuralist film {criticism BARTHES } {Roland CRITICISM FILM} {criticism Fragmentation Metanarrative Narration} {(Rhetoric) semiotics SIGNS} \& {symbols Wadia } Rashna 00111589 173--95 2 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fah&AN=12851279&site=ehost-live Criticism So Many Fragments, So Many Beginnings, So Many Pleasures: The Neglected Detail(s) in Film Theory. 45 2003 Accession Number: 12851279; Wadia, Rashna 1; Affiliations: 1: University of Florida Source Info: Spring2003, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p173; Subject Term: {BARTHES,} Roland; Subject Term: {FILM} criticism; Subject Term: {CRITICISM;} Subject Term: {SEMIOTICS;} Subject Term: {NARRATION} {(Rhetoric);} Subject Term: {SIGNS} \& symbols; Number of Pages: 23p. Document Type: Article} {This is largely unuseful as it deals primarily with film theory, but not really metanarrative, the postmodern family, or absence/lack/relavence of truth/morals/ethics in postmodern society. Useful for film criticism review but not for a critical approach to Arrested Development. Article 2003 madsen_hypertext_???? inbook Hypertext and the Demise of Metanarrative demise of {metanarrative hypertext Madsen } {Deborah } {Mark Metanarrative Postmodern} {Subjects/Postmodern} Texts {(Book) postmodern} theory http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/192/215/90714844w6/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811325719&dyn=11!xrn_8_0_N2811325719?sw_aep=olr_wad gilbert_voice-over_???? misc Voice-over Speaks to Viewers Arrested {Development Desperate} {Housewives Gilbert } Matthew laugh {track Malcolm} in the {Middle My} So Called {Life narration Scrubs Sex} and the City television voice-over zotero://attachment/2392/ This is a news article, not peer-reviewed criticism. However, it is still an article that is arguably contestable and of incredible value in identifying other voice-over narrated shows. Gilbert argues that while voice-over narration is a risky technique, it provides shows like, and including, Arrested Development with a "decidedly literary effect." Argues that Ron Howard's narration, reminescent of Andy Griffith Show and Happy Days, makes the show even more absurd. Brings into play the important {"Next} week on Arrested Development" line delivered at the end of the show which often alludes to, but also overplays/lies about the actual events in the next episode. One thing he fails to mention is that in most of the other shows, the voice-over narrator is also a character--this is not the case in Arrested Development, and in my opinion adds to the literary effect, allowing for some good deconstruction/television comedy theory opportunities. zotero://attachment/2392/ _oxford_???? misc Oxford English Dictionary metanarrative, n. definition http://dictionary.oed.com.mutex.gmu.edu/cgi/entry/00307403?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=metanarrative&first=1&max_to_show=10 _project_???? misc Project {MUSE} - The Velvet Light Trap - Narrative Complexity in Contemporary American Television http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/the\_velvet\_light\_trap/v058/58.1mittell.pdf http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/the_velvet_light_trap/v058/58.1mittell.pdf day_totalling_???? inbook Totalling Up Postmodernism {capitalism Day } {Gary Metanarrative postmodern} theory http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/192/215/90714844w6/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811291414&dyn=11!xrn_7_0_N2811291414?sw_aep=olr_wad caldwell_welcome_2005 article Cinema Journal Welcome to the Viral Future of Cinema {(Television)} Caldwell {John DVD Film} {scholarship Film} vs {TV Media} {scholarship Recent} changes in {film TV} scholarship 00097101 90--97 45 2005 1 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Autumn, 2005 / Copyright ???? 2005 University of Texas Press 10.2307/3661083 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/3661083 2005 mittell_ebscohost:_???? misc {EBSCOhost:} Narrative Complexity in Contemporary American Television Arrested {Development Malcolm} in the {Middle Metanarrative metareflexivity Mittell } Jason new-era of {television Seinfeld situational} comedy television zotero://attachment/2482/ Focuses on both comedy and drama have seen increasing complexity in narrative methods and modes. Describes how shows like Seinfeld, The Simpsons, Malcolm in the Middle, and Arrested Development use episodic form to undercut the situational comedy. Looks at how "reflexive narration" changes the perspective on narrative action for the audience. Describes the reason that some shows, including Arrested Development, only get cult following is because they feature narratives that can require a decoding process but that this same complexity is accessible because it provides {"THE} {PLEASURES} {OF} {FORMAL} {ENGAGEMENT,"} which is central to one of my proposed arguments in which the Arrested Development narrator succeeds through a use of meta-narrative that brings the audience into the show as active participants. zotero://attachment/2482/ gunn_arrested_2008 article Velox: Critical Approaches to Contemporary Film Arrested Development and the Theatre od the Absurd Arrested {Development Beckett } {Samuel film Gunn } Leslie human {condition Irish} literature morals theater of the {absurd Waiting} for Godot 1941-8019 14--20 2 2008 1 This is a longer article that compares {"Arrested} Development" to Samuel Beckett's {"Waiting} for Godot." {Hart-Gunn} describes "comedy of the absurd" as a type of late 20th century...drama that uses abstract setting and illogical actions to express the human condition. Her overall argument is that both Michael Bluth {(Arrested} Development) and Esragon {(Waiting} for Godot) search for meaning in a meaningless world and that the result, for the audience and to some extent themselves, is the discovery of "meaning for their own human existence." http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/880/169/23916458w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812416466&dyn=12!xrn_1_0_N2812416466?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2008 sergio_arrested_2006 article The article reviews the {TV} program {"Arrested} Development: Season 2," produced by Mitchell Hurwitz. Arnett {Will Arrested} {Development DVD} {review Hurwitz } {Michael MASS} {media REVIEWS self-referentiality subversive} {comedy TELEVISION} {broadcasting TELEVISION} {programs Winkler } Henry 00374806 90 3 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=20048205&site=ehost-live Sight \& Sound Arrested Development -- Season 2. 16 March 2006 Accession Number: 20048205 Issue Info: Mar2006, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p90; Thesaurus Term: {TELEVISION} programs; Thesaurus Term: {MASS} media; Thesaurus Term: {TELEVISION} broadcasting; Subject Term: {REVIEWS;} Number of Pages: 1/8p; Document Type: Entertainment Review; Full Text Word Count: 185} {Very short review of season 2, however the idea to watch with {COMMENTARY} came from this. Also lists the moment the Fonz recreates the jumped-the-shark moment from Happy Days. Gives me larger scopes of Arrested Development as parody/pastiche of the traditional family sitcom, and ways the show presents meta-narrative beyond the scope of just the narrator. While this may not be a parody/pastiche, it could certainly represent a new era of the {TV} sitcom--paving the way for future shows like My Name is Earl, The Office, etc., which includes fractured time (as seen in the timely flashbacks that either reference earlier episodes/earlier scenes, maybe). Entertainment Review 2006-03 thompson_comedy_2007 article Velvet Light Trap Comedy Verit????? The Observational Documentary Meets the Televisual Sitcom "comedy {verite" Arrested} {Development Curb} Your Enthusiasm narrative {perspective Observational} Documentary situation comedy television {production Television} {Sitcom Thompson } Ethan 0149-1830 63--72 60 2007 Very good opening argument that the cast of Arrested Development are being followed by a camera crew in a "documentary style" (my resulting insight: postmodern context: blending of genres) because the cameras shut off when the Bluths enter the courtroom in Season 1 and continues to argue that overall the documentary style is what the show looks like. Mentions handheld cameras, awkward pacing, and violations of continuity (my insights: postmodern elements of metanarrative and fracturing) as crucial elements to the show. Thompson argues, using Arrested Development and Curb Your Enthusiasm, that comedy verite is an emerging third mode of producing narrative-based television comedy. Comedy verite as a way of connecting the dots between the audience's view and their sense of humor. Describes {AD} as "densely packed, carefully scripted"--there is a lot of lit-worthy action taking place below the immediate surfaces in the show. http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/880/169/23916458w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812351515&dyn=12!xrn_3_0_N2812351515?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2007 aubrey_reality_???? inbook Reality Games' in Postmodern Anglophone Cinema: The Magus, The Game, The Matrix, Being John Malkovich Aubrey {James Being} John {Malkovich Metanarrative metanarrative} in {film Postmodern} Cinema reality in {cinema The} {Game The} {Magus The} Matrix Personal note: Excellent bibliography here. Use it to your advantage because many of the sources describing camera framing and narration. Also, to get to the bibliography, you had to google search the name of the article--the first result was a word document that gave you the bibliography. Scratch that. This article comes up in a google search because it is listed in a bibliography with many other exceptional sources on framing. That word document is attached. Attempt to find this book--which seems like it may not be an easy task. http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/192/215/90714844w6/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811772217&dyn=11!xrn_6_0_N2811772217?sw_aep=olr_wad stewart_longing:_1984 book On Longing: Narratives of the Miniature, the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection Discourse analysis {Narrative history Nostalgia Semiotics} and {literature Stewart } Susan Baltimore 213 0801831164 1984 P302 {.S692} 1984 John Hopkins University Press 1984 university_of_north_london_souvenirs:material_2000 book University of North London voices in development management Souvenirs: The Material Culture of Tourism Material {culture Social} {aspects Souvenirs} {(Keepsakes) Tourism Tourism} and art Aldershot, England 287 0754610551 2000 {GN406} {.S68} 2000 Ashgate 2000 benjamin_work_1986 inbook The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction 20th {century Benjamin } {Walter History} and {criticism literature Political} Art New York 217--51 0805202412 1986 Illuminations: Essays and Reflections Walter Benjamin discusses 'art' in relation to the 'modern' world, an increasingly 'mechanical' world. Instead of serving ritual function (magical, religious), Benjamin proposes that art (in the modern world) functions as a practice of politics. {PN37} {.B4413} 1986 Schocken Books 1986 fitzpatrick_unmaking_???? inbook The Unmaking of History: Baseball, Cold War, and Underworld Baseball cold {war DeLillo } {Don Fitzpatrick } {Kathleen history Underworld} http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/888/851/61729303w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811926282&dyn=11!xrn_7_0_N2811926282?sw_aep=viva_gmu wallace_venerated_2001 article Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction Venerated Emblems': {DeLillo's} Underworld and the {History-Commodity} cold {war Commodity Commodity} {Fetishism DeLillo } {Don history History-Commodity Underworld Wallace } Molly 0011-1619 367--83 42 2001 4 Wallace discusses {DeLillo's} Underworld in terms of commodity fetishism; specifically, she claims that Underworld presents not only commodities that actively produce history, but also history that functions "as a commodity". http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/888/851/61729303w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811652726&dyn=21!xrn_10_0_N2811652726?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2001 marx_capital:critique_1977 book Capital: A Critique of Political Economy {Capital Commodity Commodity} {Fetishism Economics history Marx } {Karl Politics Social} Science New York 1 {039472657X} 1977 A historical investigation into capital and its political counterparts. Specifically interesting is Marx's discussion of commodities: their production, consumption, and resulting fetishism. {HB501} {.M36} 1977 Vintage Books 1977 wolf_baseball_2002 article Anglia: Zeitschrift f????r Englische Philologie Baseball, Garbage and the Bomb: Don Delillo, Modern and Postmodern Memory Baseball cold {war DeLillo } {Don postmodernism Underworld Wolf } Philipp 0340-5222 65--85 120 2002 1 http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/888/851/61729303w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811779747&dyn=11!xrn_5_0_N2811779747?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2002 shaw_imagined_1989 book The Imagined Past: History and Nostalgia 19th century 20th {century Arts } {British } {Victorian Congresses English} {literature GREAT} {Britain History} and {criticism Intellectual} {life Nostalgia} Manchester 174 0719028752 1989 Focusing on the first two chapters: {"The} Dimensions of Nostalgia," and {"Nostalgia} tells it like it wasn't." This book is a cultural investigation into nostalgia, its 'pre-modern' forms, and its presence in modern society. {DA533} {.I44} 1989 Manchester University Press 1989 ellis_what_2006 article Open spaces shift into constraints of place in Cormac {McCarthy's} novels. Between Blood Meridian and All the Pretty Horses, horrific violence across an antinomian range shifts into easier disturbances. What happens to country that narrows possibilities, even as it proscribes violence? Previous scholarship answers in mythic or political terms. But close reading Blood Meridian's Epilogue toward historical references suggests the advent of barbed-wire fencing, the coterminous near extinction of the American Bison and near eradication of American Indians, and a belated Western realization of the Land Act of 1865, deepen such answers. Blood {Meridian history Moby} {Dick myth No} Country for Old {Men Nostalgia} 03611299 85--97 1 http://www.jstor.org/stable/4143880 Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature {"What} Happens to Country" in Blood Meridian 60 2006 Annotation: Ellis argues that most of {McCarthy's} {post-Blood} Meridian novels express a nostalgia for the old west, the frontier that is now closed. All of his Western novels show a tension between open country and closed space. In Blood Meridian, the Glanton Gang moves about freely in the frontier and they meet their doom when they settle down in one place. Ellis refers to the concept of the old west and open space as a myth, which may have never truly existed. 10.2307/4143880 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: 2006 / Copyright ???? 2006 Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association 2006 rothfork_language_2004 article Southwestern American Literature Language and the Dance of Time in Cormac {McCarthy's} Blood Meridian Blood {Meridian cycle dance epistemology language Metanarratives myth science } Darwinian violence 0049-1675 23--36 30 2004 1 Annotation: Rothfork writes that Blood Meridian examines postmodern epistemology. He argues that the novel critiques how we think about language and how the language we use affects how we view the world. In this context, Judge Holden's metanarrative, which eliminates all other metanarratives and is explained though his language, loses its effectiveness. http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/443/615/62050318w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811973260&dyn=3!xrn_5_0_N2811973260?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2004 lincoln_cormac_2009 book 1st ed Cormac {McCarthy:} American Canticles 20th {century American} {fiction Biblical} {allusions Criticism} and {interpretation History} and {criticism hyperrealism McCarthy } Cormac summaries violence New York 193 9780230612266 2009 Annotation: This book suggests that the violence in Blood Meridian is written as hyperrealsim, which, despite being made gratuitous, seems more authentic than other westerns. The author also points out that {McCarthy} went to a Catholic school and demonstrates shows his knowledge of religion, often in terms of parody.} {{"The} subtitle as Victorian storyline marquee portends a bloody sunset romance of the prairies, and the running chapter taglines serve as plot markers for a dime novel" (79). embrace as form o death- no trust harold bloom signatures of the visible- jameson, fredric Appalachian Gothic- Davenport, Guy The empty road- Coles, Robert Novelist sells archive Cormac Country- vanity fair} {{"What} may be called {McCarty's} hyperrealsm(it) pushes the natural credence of things to lurid depths, giddy heights, and ironic abruptions" (19). {"In} Cormac {McCarthy's} hyperreal novels a reader may assume the story fabricates reality, but on further reflection the fiction stands truer-to-life than flat dimensional 'reality,' that is, art real to the point of abruptive disbelief and breakthrough discovery" (20). {"This} novelist is no minimalist or fallen middleclass modernist. Unlike any other contemporary novelist, he writes within a severe tradition of radical realism and surcharged with subject, crossing Greek drama and medieval morality play, consonant with classical texts and the natural sciences. Here artists and researchers experiment, read, talk, think, and write hard toward tandem mastery of nature's radicals; their fusional experiments shatter prior assumptions of human character, moral truth, and real matter into truer understandings of the world we live in. Hyperrealistic fiction and drama prove no exception" (20), {"Given} the New World fall from agrarian pastoral, {McCarthy's} hyperrealism focuses on a violent frontier-unheroic American history purportedly hyperbolized, but really 'disclosed,' a lethal reality terrible, unknowable, but everywhere ironically present in shattered human affairs today or yesterday" (21)} {{"Young} Cormac surely heard Latin aplenty in his Irish Catholic schooling, and satanic gargoyles, polyglottal speech, and barbarous reprobate forces fills his stories where crimes fester" (21). {"McCarthy} has studied as well the ways and words of old biblical prophets...who warned the people of their transgressions, shortcomings, manifold sins, and pilgrim exodus..."(27). {PS3563.C337} Z656 2009 Palgrave Macmillan 2009 millard_contemporary_2000 book Contemporary American Fiction 20th {century American} {fiction American} {myth Consumerism DeLillo } {Don History} and {criticism McCarthy } {Cormac media Morrison } Toni violence Oxford 328 0198711786 2000 Notes: Gunfighter Nation- Richard Slotkin Legacy of Conquest- Limerick Frederick Jackson thesis {"The} Myth of the frontier is our oldest and most characteristic myth {(Slotkin} 10). {"Writers} are attracted to the West as a subject for a variety of reasons, but especially because it goes to the heart of American ideas of freedom of identity..." (79). holden like an icon (147) {"To} describe {BM} as a narrative of violent confrontation is of course dramatic understatement; the novel is a catalogue of unmitigated carnage in which some of {McCarthy's} most inventive imaginative and linguistic skills are dedicated to vivid descriptions of slaughter" (81). preist- kill judge boy questions historical veracity of scapular- {"The} lesson here is not to doubt the violent record of the past" (85). {PS379} {.M47} 2000 Oxford University Press 2000 hall_sacred_1995 book 1. ed Sacred Violence: A Reader's Companion to Cormac {McCarthy:} Selected Essays from the First {McCarthy} Conference, Bellarmine College, Louisville, Kentucky, October 15-17, 1993 Blood {Meridian Child} of {God Criticism} and interpretation cycle dance of death evil humor marginalized {groups Moby} {Dick myth No} Country for Old {Men O'Connor } {Flannery Outer} Dark parody religion violence wanderers El Paso 200 {087404233X} 1995 {PS3563.C337} Z89 1995 University of Texas at El Paso 1995 wallach_myth_2000 book Myth, Legend, Dust: Critical Responses to Cormac {McCarthy} Blood {Meridian Child} of {God Criticism} and {interpretation death Fragmentation history In} {literature Legends} in {literature McCarthy } {Cormac Metanarratives Mexican-American} Border {Region Moby} {Dick Myth} in {literature Outer} Dark regeneration revisionary {western Southern} {States Tennessee } East Manchester 399 {071905947X} 2000 {PS3563.C337} Z78 2000 Manchester University Press 2000 cant_cormac_2008 book Cormac {McCarthy} and the Myth of American Exceptionalism American history anti-myths author {biography Blood} {Meridian Child} of {God Criticism} and {interpretation McCarthy } {Cormac Metanarratives Myth} in {literature National} characteristics American in {literature No} Country for Old {Men Outer} Dark New York 368 0415981425 2008 Annotation: This book argues that Blood Meridian is not a work of realism despite being based upon actual events. The novel operates like a myth, or anti-myth, that subverts the concept of the American hero and American innocence. Cant writes that the character of the Judge, among other things, represents the corruption of "the Faustian extreme of Enlightenment gnosticism" (176). The chapter devoted to Blood Meridian is interesting in that it gave me pause to consider the Judge as a potential engine of rationality versus the avatar of evil I had previously considered him to be. {PS3563.C337} Z6 2008 Routledge 2008 arnold_perspectivescormac_1993 book Southern quarterly series Perspectives on Cormac {McCarthy} Blood {Meridian Criticism} and interpretation dance of {death gnosticism history In} {literature McCarthy } {Cormac Pastoral} fiction {American religion Southern} States violence Jackson 217 0878056548 1993 {PS3563.C337} Z82 1993 University Press of Mississippi 1993 bhabha_cultural_2006 incollection Second Ashcroft, Bill. Gareth Griffiths, Helen Tiffin Cultural Diversity and Cultural Differences London, New York 2006 The {Post-Colonial} Studies Reader Bhabha states that cultural diversity is "the representation of a radical rhetoric of the separation of totalized cultures that live unsullied by the intertextuality of their historical locations, safe in the Utopianism of a mythic memory of a unique collective identity" (155). Bhabha also explains that "liberatory people" who are concerned with revolutionary cultural change are bearers of hybrid identities. Although this chapter does not relate directly to {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE,} it sheds light on important issues regarding hybridity and cultural enunciation that are central topics in the novel. Routledge 2006 young_cultural_2006 inbook Second The Cultural Politics of Hybridity C. L. {Temple Colonialism hybridity Postcolonial} Cultural {Theory Race} and Contemporary Cultural Discourse London, New York 1158--61 2006 The {Post-Colonial} Studies Reader Routledge 2006 sze_not_2000 article Bucknell Review: A Scholarly Journal of Letters, Arts and Sciences Not by Politics Alone': Gender and Environmental Justice in Karen Tei Yamashita's Tropic of Orange Environmental Justice {Movement feminism gender Globalization Multinational} {Capital race Tropic} of Orange 0007-2869 29--42 44 2000 1 A reading of {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE} with cultural and feminist concerns, Sze article asserts that the emphasis the novel lays on human activity, both labor and transportation, is ??????central to the environmental justice movement??????s complication of the hegemonic definition of nature as uninhabited wilderness?????? (35). Through her brief character analysis of Rafaela and Emi, she states that women??????s labor in the United States and abroad is an important ??????engine?????? in the new wave of ??????globalization?????? and ??????free trade,?????? and that the violence women endure is ??????a key feature of this restructuring of global capital.?????? http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/537/620/60010406w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811527824&dyn=4!xrn_12_0_N2811527824?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2000 lee_we_2007-1 article {MFS:} Modern Fiction Studies We Are Not the World': Global Village, Universalism, and Karen Tei Yamashita's Tropic of Orange {Globalization Transnationalism Tropic} of {Orange universalism Yamashita } Karen Tei 0026-7724 501--27 53 2007 3 http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/537/620/60010406w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812320620&dyn=4!xrn_2_0_N2812320620?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2007 rody_transnational_2004 incollection Ty, Eleanor Rose; Donald C. Goellnicht The Transnational Imagination: Karen Tei Yamashita's Tropic of Orange. {Ethnicity Japanese} American {novelists Karen} Tei {Yamashita Transnationalism Tropic} of Orange Bloomington 2004 Asian North American Identities: beyond the hyphen http://magik.gmu.edu/cgi-bin//Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&Search_Arg=ISBN+%220253216613%22&Search_Code=CMD&CNT=10 Indiana University Press 2004 hsu_ruth_cartography_2006 incollection Lim, Shirley The Cartography of Justice and Truthful Refractions in Karen Tei Yamashita's Tropic of Orange. Asian American {authors Asian} American {identity Emigration} and immigration in {literature Imperialism Tropic} of {Orange Yamashita } Karen Tei Philadelphia, {PA} 306 1592134505 2006 Transnational Asian American Literature: Sites and Transits {PS153.A84} T73 2006 Temple University Press 2006 wallace_tropics_2001-1 article Symploke: A Journal for the Intermingling of Literary, Cultural and Theoretical Scholarship Tropics of Globalization: Reading the New North America {Globalization Immigration NAFTA Transnationalism Tropic} of Orange 1069-0697 145--60 9 2001 1-2 Wallace investigates the major metaphors in {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE} to show how the novel participates in the discourses on globalization and immigration. She asserts that "a range of issues--both intra- and inter-national, micro- and macro-political--are pulled into the vortex of the novel and mixed in chaotic fashion" (152). She describes Tropic of Cancer as a global border, separating the hemispheric locales; Mexico as a literalization of diasporic imaginations of people situated in the {U.S;} the orange as a symbolic representation of the hemisphere's colonial history, as oranges have been brought to the continent by Columbus, and which ends up in the novel in the hands of a {"post-Columbian"} figure. http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/537/620/60010406w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811685638&dyn=4!xrn_11_0_N2811685638?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2001 hauser_structuringapokalypse:_2006 article {PhiN:} Philologie im Netz Structuring the Apokalypse: Chaos and Order in Karen Tei Yamashita's Tropic of Orange 1433-7177 1--32 37 2006 Hauser attempts to explore how the formal design of the novel interacts with the issues of migration, ethnic, and transnational identity. Hauser's lengthy article touches on several issues, like technological identities, in which she argues that Emi identifies herself through technology to avoid an ethnical identification; social concepts as ethnic memory and American dream vs. Mexican dream; magic realism that is associated with Rafaela and Archangel, two characters whom she reads as political representations; and finally the novel's structure and narration. http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/537/620/60010406w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812236903&dyn=4!xrn_4_0_N2812236903?sw_aep=viva_gmu 2006 harland_g._bloland_postmodernism_1995 article The concepts of four poststructuralist/postmodern authors {(Derrida,} Foucault, Lyotard, and Baudrillard) are examined in terms of their implications for higher education and the academy's values of merit, community, and autonomy. Twelve reactions to postmodern thought are presented. A summary of postmodernism's legacy for higher education concludes the discussion. Baudrillard {Jean Bloland } Harland decentering of {self deconstruction delegitimization Derrida } {Jacques Foucault } Michel indeterminacy of {language Lyotard } {Jean-Francois modernism postmodernism} and higher education primacy of discourse 00221546 521--559 5 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/2943935 The Journal of Higher Education Postmodernism and Higher Education 66 October 1995 10.2307/2943935 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Sep. - Oct., 1995 / Copyright ???? 1995 Ohio State University Press 1995-10 geyh_assembling_2003 article College Literature Assembling Postmodernism: Experience, Meaning, and the Space {In-Between} Baudrillard Jean cultural {postmodernism DeLillo } {Don Jameson } {Fredric Lyotard Pynchon } Thomas teaching postmodernist {literature The} Crying of Lot {49 The} Precession of Simulacra visual {arts White} Noise 1542-4286 1--29 30 2003 2 30.2, Spring 2003 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/college_literature/v030/30.2geyh.html 2003 clayton_w._dumont_jr._towardmulticultural_1995 article In this paper I argue that any serious attempt to move sociology toward a viable multiculturalism will require an interrogation of the fundamental and historical forces at work in Western epistemological traditions. I focus on two such major historical forces: the Platonic subject/object separation and {Judaeo-Christian} theology. I argue that postmodern criticism is of great utility in furthering this interrogation, and I criticize some of the simplistic caricatures of postmodernism promoted by its opponents. The second half of the paper is a detailed description of pedagogical strategies that are designed to make these issues available to undergraduate students. authentic representations of {cultures Dumont} Jr {Clayton epistemology Judeo-Christian} theology multiculturalism multisensory experience ontology pedagogical strategies sociology subject/object dichotomy {0092055X} 307--320 4 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/1319160 Teaching Sociology Toward a Multicultural Sociology: Bringing Postmodernism into the Classroom 23 October 1995 10.2307/1319160 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Oct., 1995 / Copyright ???? 1995 American Sociological Association 1995-10 digirhet.org._teaching_2006 article Pedagogy Teaching Digital Rhetoric: Community, Critical Engagement, and Application critical engagement digital rhetoric digital writing pedagogy of multiliteracies practical application assignments technological literacy writing 1533-6255 231--259 6 2006 2 Volume 6, Issue 2, Spring 2006 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/pedagogy/v006/6.2digirhet.html 2006 blake_thinking_1998 book Thinking Again: Education After Postmodernism Blake {Nigel Derrida } Jacques educational theory linguistic relativist national curriculum 0897895126 April 1998 Bergin \& Garvey Paperback 1998-04 blake_between_1996 article The paper highlights the urgent and radical questions and problems which postmodernism poses for educational studies in general, and the philosophy of education in particular. First, it outlines and interrelates the legacies of modernism in social and cultural theory. Next, it describes the reactionary anti-modernism of the Right, and contrasts this with traditionalism. It is argued that the current political and economic context of education is largely anti-modernist, not traditionalist. The stirrings of radical doubts about modernism are described and contrasted with the antimodernism of the Right. A salient theme to this point is the variety of conceptions of the relationship between knowledge and power. Mature postmodernism is characterised centrally in terms of a reconceptualisation of that relationship. The metamorphosis of the concept of the self in postmodernism is described and related to new problems about ethics and a newly emerging importance for the aesthetic. Finally, the paper argues that while the fundamental issues for philosophy of education are unchanged - problems about instrumentalism and various issues of autonomy - these are radically recast in postmodernism, and present new difficulties. {anti-modernism autonomy Blake } Nigel educational {studies instrumentalism Lyotard modernism problems secularisation traditionalism} 00071005 42--65 1 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/3121703 British Journal of Educational Studies Between Postmodernism and {Anti-Modernism:} The Predicament of Educational Studies 44 March 1996 10.2307/3121703 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Mar., 1996 / Copyright ???? 1996 Society for Educational Studies 1996-03 _beck_???? misc Beck / {POSTMODERNISM,} {PEDAGOGY,} {AND} {PHILOSOPHY} {OF} {EDUCATION} Beck Clive dialogical education forms of scholarship postmodernist {pedagogy Reality students} {http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/eps/PES-Yearbook/93\_docs/BECK.HTM} {{\textless}p{\textgreater}In} this article, Beck discusses the broad relationship between pedagogy and postmodernist philosophy. In examining both the strengths and weakesses of postmodern theory, Beck is able to come to the conlcusion that postmodernist thought helps educators view knowledge as value dependent, culture dependent, and changeable. Therefore, instead of adapting to a metanarrative concerning a universal philosophy of education, Beck is proposing a truly democratic learning environment, where the focus is on learning in a "dialogical" environment. Hence, students are encouraged to contribute to the discussion as opposed to "absorbing" knowledge passively, without critical thinking or creativity.{\textless}/p{\textgreater} http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/eps/PES-Yearbook/93_docs/BECK.HTM reid_free_2000 article Theory \& Event Free Action or Resistance: Cultural Critique in the Classroom Alhusser cultural critique cultural studies free action ideological {interpellation Reid } Alexander student resistance {1092-311X} 4 2000 3 Volume 4, Issue 3, 2000 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v004/4.3reid.html 2000 davies_postmodernism_1999 article The Review of Higher Education Postmodernism and the Sociological Study of the University Davies John information {technology Lyotard postmodernism poststructuralism sociological} {study U.S.} higher education 1090-7009 315--330 22 1999 3 Volume 22, Number 3, Spring 1999 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/review_of_higher_education/v022/22.3davies.html 1999 yoder_cyborg_2003 article portal: Libraries and the Academy The Cyborg Librarian as Interface: Interpreting Postmodern Discourse on Knowledge Construction, Validation, and Navigation within Academic Libraries academic {library cyborg Haraway } Donna local narratives performativity of {knowledge postmodernism Yoder } Amanda 1530-7131 381--392 3 2003 3 {{\textless}p{\textgreater}This} article discusses the influence of postmodernism on the academic library, which is an histroically modern institution. Yoder discusses this impact in light of three main influences: the rise of local narratives over metanarratives, the performativity of knowledge, and the concept of the librarian as cyborg-- an embodiment of Donna Haraway's vision of a human-machine hybrid. Yoder discusses the impact of postmodernism on the production and performativity of knowledge through te cyborg librarian--namely, to perform a largely social function by providing "consumers of information" wih research materials.{\textless}/p{\textgreater} {\textless}p{\textgreater}????{\textless}/p{\textgreater} Volume 3, Number 3, July 2003 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v003/3.3yoder.html 2003 _postmodernism_???? misc Postmodernism and You: Education constructivism diversity dominant culture intuition in education student-centered classroom systemic bias teacher-centered classroom http://www.xenos.org/ministries/crossroads/doteduc.htm {{\textless}p{\textgreater}This} somewhat dated article (1996) published by Xenos Christian Fellowship online provides a basic introduction to the impact of postmodernism on the American educational system. Authors {DeLashmutt} and Braund introduce a few key postmodern educational concepts including the constructvism of knowledge based on subjctive agendas and the uneven power structure in the classroom, the teacher-centered classroom as opposed to the student-centered classroom, and the imposition of the dominant white culture on minorities in the classroom.????{\textless}strong{\textgreater}{\textless}small{\textgreater}{\textless}span style="font-family: Arial;"{\textgreater} {\textless}/span{\textgreater}{\textless}/small{\textgreater}{\textless}/strong{\textgreater}{\textless}/p{\textgreater} http://www.xenos.org/ministries/crossroads/doteduc.htm tierney_autonomy_2001 article The article pertains to how one might employ postmodern assumptions in the study and analysis of comparative higher education. The text first critiques the idea of modernism by way of a discussion about postmodernism. The author then analyzes the implications of postmodernism for comparative higher education research. In doing so, the author outlines five tenets of postmodernism that revolve around alternative ways of thinking about knowledge production and identity construction. The premise of the text is that postmodernism offers a different interpretation from modernism about the twin ideas of knowledge and identity. The author concludes by offering suggestions about how postmodernism might reorient the work of comparative higher education research. Accordingly, the goal of the text is to delineate competing conceptions of reality with regard to knowledge production, identity, and the role of the university. autonomy of knowledge comparative higher {education Identity production} of knowledge reformulation of the {university Tierny } William 00181560 353--372 4 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/3448129 Higher Education The Autonomy of Knowledge and the Decline of the Subject: Postmodernism and the Reformulation of the University 41 June 2001 {{\textless}p{\textgreater}The} article discusses the use of postmodern philosophy in the study and analysis of comparative higher education. Tierny first critiques the concept of modernism by discussing the tenets of postmodernism. Then, the author discusses the implications of postmodernism in researching comparative higher education. In doing so, the author outlines five tenets of postmodernism that revolve around alternative ways of thinking about knowledge production and identity construction: 1. knowledge and social construction, 2. power/persuasion 3. identity and the intellectual, 4. acceleration and discontinuity, 5. the death of the nation-state. The main idea of the article is that postmodernism offers another approach to higher education research, most notably through: 1. heterogeneity, 2. engaging with the other, 3. method and knowing.???? Tierny concludes by offering suggestions about how postmodernism might reorient the work of comparative higher education research and possibly liberate the university from the "bureucratic arm of the unipolar capitalist system."{\textless}/p{\textgreater} 10.2307/3448129 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Jun., 2001 / Copyright ???? 2001 Springer 2001-06 agger_critical_1991 article Annual Review of Sociology This article examines the main theoretical contributions of critical theory, poststructuralism and postmodernism. It is argued that these three theories offer related perspectives on the shortcomings of positivism as well as new ways to theorize and study contemporary societies. Empirical and conceptual applications of these perspectives in sociological research are discussed. Some of these applications include work in the sociology of deviance, gender, media and culture. Finally, implications of these three theoretical perspectives for the ways sociologists think about the boundaries and territoriality of their discipline are discussed. Critical Theory, Poststructuralism, Postmodernism: Their Sociological Relevance critical theory media poststructuralism sociology 03600572 105--131 17 1991 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: 1991 / Copyright ???? 1991 Annual Reviews 10.2307/2083337 http://www.jstor.org/stable/2083337 1991 burgess_production_1990 article In this paper, the case is made for an agenda of geographical research based on the mass media of communications. The argument is advanced that the media are an integral part of a complex cultural process through which environmental meanings are produced and consumed. Applying theoretical perspectives developed in cultural studies, evidence from a range of case studies is presented to demonstrate the ways in which environmental meanings are encoded in different forms of media texts and decoded by the different groups who comprise the audiences. It is argued that physical and human geographers could usefully collaborate in research with both producers and consumers of media texts, so as to better understand contemporary discourses about human-environment relations. New Series communications cultural studies environment media 00202754 139--161 2 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/622861 Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers The Production and Consumption of Environmental Meanings in the Mass Media: A Research Agenda for the 1990s 15 1990 10.2307/622861 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: 1990 / Copyright ???? 1990 The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) 1990 carpenter_it_2003 article College Literature {"It} Don't Mean Nothin'": Vietnam War Fiction and Postmodernism literature postmodernism vietnam war war fiction 1542-4286 30--50 30 2003 2 Carpenter describes fiction in the post vietnam era. Describes the war's influence on fiction and on information with regards to postmodernism. 30.2, Spring 2003 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/college_literature/v030/30.2carpenter.html 2003 adams_television_1992 article An examination of television as a center of meaning and as a social context supports the concept of a place without a location. Similar ideas have appeared in media theory since the 1960s, but have not been the subject of geographic research. Comparison of television with other media, including books, radio, and film, reveals that it is uniquely place-like. Television functions as a social context, providing sensory communion and social congregation; it also functions as a center of meaning, helping a society define "us" and "them," conferring value on persons and objects, and, possibly, supporting hegemonic social control. A comparison of television and certain architectural structures identifies similarities and differences that may be related to long-term historical changes in society. consumption cultural studies media modernity television 00045608 117--135 1 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/2563539 Annals of the Association of American Geographers Television as Gathering Place 82 March 1992 essay describes television as the new central gather place of culture. social networks are changing with regards to television and media 10.2307/2563539 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Mar., 1992 / Copyright ???? 1992 Association of American Geographers 1992-03 smith_books_1993 book Books to Bytes: Knowledge and Information in the Postmodern Era Information {society Information} {technology MASS} {media Social} aspects London 171 0851704018 1993 Smith describes the influence of the media in the postmodern age. Books to bytes relates the rise of new technology and the move away from mass production to high technology. P90 British Film Institute 1993 amiran_essays_1993 book Essays in Postmodern Culture 20th {century History} and {criticism Literature } {Modern Postmodernism} New York 352 0195087526 1993 {PN98.P67} E87 1993 Oxford University Press 1993 simonsen_planningpostmodern_1990 article The aim of the paper is to expose the social and political dialectics of planning and urban development under 'postmodern' conditions. First, the different meanings of the term 'postmodernism' are discussed, and it is argued that notwithstanding the problems and the ambiguities of the concept, the debate calls attention to important contemporary social and cultural transformations. These are described as an interrelated development of on the one hand the socio-economic structure connected to a 'postfordist model of accumulation', and on the other the cultural discourse in art, architecture and social philosophy. The specification of this transformative development in relation to the planning discourse, planning praxis and urban structure is explored, and the paper ends up with a discussion of a possible critical moment localized in the postmodern emphasis on 'otherness'. architecture media postmodern urbanism 00016993 51--62 1 http://www.jstor.org/stable/4200779 Acta Sociologica Planning on {'Postmodern'} Conditions 33 1990 Essay raises question of postmodernism is a break from modernism or is it a continuation of modernism. Is it an epoch? Attempts to universally define Postmodern in terms of culture, economics, politics and architecture. 10.2307/4200779 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: 1990 / Copyright ???? 1990 Sage Publications, Ltd. 1990 belsey_postmodern_1994 article {Belsey Jacques} Derrida love saussure sex 00286087 683--705 3 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/469473 New Literary History Postmodern Love: Questioning the Metaphysics of Desire 25 1994 The postmodern condition implies pleasure for cash and mass consumption, but love is a value that remains beyond the market. Love becomes more important because it cannot be bought, which intensifies its metaphysical character. It is beginning to represent presence, transcendence, and even immortality. She notes that postmodernity, and Derrida's work in particular, holds a skeptical attitude toward metaphysics, but no amount of skepticism does away with desire. 10.2307/469473 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: 25th Anniversary Issue {(Part} 1) / Full publication date: Summer, 1994 / Copyright ???? 1994 The Johns Hopkins University Press 1994 jacques_changing_1998 article Cultural {Diversity Jacques marriage mass} media nuclear family 07311214 381--413 2 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/1389483 Sociological Perspectives Changing Marital and Family Patterns: A Test of the {Post-Modern} Perspective 41 1998 The article discusses four central constructs of the postmodern perspective: the decline of a universal standard for family organization, growing cultural diversity, and mass media. These constructs are tested using an analysis of census data and the {NORC} General Social Survey. Mixed results were found for the forth construct which relates variance in personal happiness or personal family life satisfaction. This study looks at the realities of contemporary American social organization, cultural values of family life, habits and attitudes of Americans, and the modified postmodern perspective. 10.2307/1389483 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: 1998 / Copyright ???? 1998 Pacific Sociological Association 1998 kaufman_family_2002 article Diacritics Why the Family Is Beautiful {(Lacan} against Badiou) Alain Badiou family {values Jacques} {Lacan Kaufman love} 03007162 135--151 32 2002 3/4 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: Ethics / Full publication date: Autumn - Winter, 2002 / Copyright ???? 2002 The Johns Hopkins University Press 10.2307/1566448 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/1566448 2002 medovoi_mappingrebel_1991 article Cultural Critique Mapping the Rebel Image: Postmodernism and the Masculinist Politics of Rock in the U. S. A. {aesthetics Andy} {Warhol Fredric} {Jameson Medovoi Vincent} van Gogh 08824371 153--188 1991 20 The article discusses Fredric Jameson's 1984 essay {"Postmodernism,} or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism," where he compares Vincent Van Gogh's {"Peasant} Shoes" and Andy Warhol's {"Diamond} Dust Shoes." The former is representative of high culture, whereas the other is an example of pop culture or mass culture. The article argues that Jameson does not ask whether postmodernism necessitates an explanation as "a moment when the relationships between different cultural categories (if not the categories themselves) are being rearticulated." The article argues that if we were to trace the ascent of mass culture in postwar American, we would find examples of the Great Divide's dissolution: rock music. {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Winter, 1991-1992 / Copyright ???? 1991 University of Minnesota Press 10.2307/1354226 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/1354226 1991 fraser_social_1989 article Social Text Social Criticism without Philosophy: An Encounter between Feminism and Postmodernism {Criticism feminism Fraser} and {Nicholson Jean-Francois} Lyotard philosophy 01642472 83--104 1989 21 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: Universal Abandon? The Politics of Postmodernism / Full publication date: 1989 / Copyright ???? 1989 Duke University Press 10.2307/827810 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/827810 1989 gross_detraditionalization_2005 article This essay challenges those strains of contemporary social theory that regard romantic/sexual intimacy as a premier site of detraditionalization in the late modern era. Striking changes have occurred in intimacy and family life over the last half-century, but the notion of detraditionalization as currently formulated does not capture them very well. With the goal of achieving a more refined understanding, the article proposes a distinction between "regulative" and "meaning-constitutive" traditions. The former involve threats of exclusion from various moral communities; the latter involve linguistic and cultural frameworks within which sense is made of the world. Focusing on the {U.S.} case and marshaling various kinds of empirical evidence, the article argues that while the regulative tradition of what it terms lifelong, internally stratified marriage has declined in strength in recent years, the image of the form of couplehood inscribed in this regulative tradition continues to function as a hegemonic ideal in many American intimate relationships. Intimacy in the United States also remains beholden to the tradition of romantic love. That these meaning-constitutive traditions continue to play a central role in structuring contemporary intimacy suggests that detraditionalization involves the relative decline only of certain regulative traditions, a point that calls into question some of the normative assessments that often accompany the detraditionalization thesis. {family Gross linguistic} and cultural frameworks love marriage 07352751 286--311 3 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/4148875 Sociological Theory The Detraditionalization of Intimacy Reconsidered 23 September 2005 This article challenges contemporary social theories that regard sexual (romantic) intimacy as a site of detraditionalization in the late modern era. There has been various changes in intimacy and family life that are not accounted for in the notion of detraditionalization. The article makes a distinction between "regulative" and "meaning-constitutive" traditions. Regulative deals with exclusion from various moral communities, whereas meaning-constitutive involves linguistic and cultural frameworks. While in the regulative tradition lifelong, internally stratified marriage has declined, but the image of couplehood in this tradition still acts as a hegemonic ideal in American relationships. 10.2307/4148875 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Sep., 2005 / Copyright ???? 2005 American Sociological Association 2005-09 walters_here_1996 article Signs From Here to Queer: Radical Feminism, Postmodernism, and the Lesbian Menace {(Or,} Why Can't a Woman Be More like a Fag?) family {life feminism homosexuality signify Walters} 00979740 830--869 21 1996 4 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: Feminist Theory and Practice / Full publication date: Summer, 1996 / Copyright ???? 1996 The University of Chicago Press 10.2307/3175026 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/3175026 1996 shapiro_teaching_1992 article The English Journal Teaching Modernism and Postmodernism in a Values Elective {education family marriage Shapiro values} 00138274 60--63 81 1992 1 {ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Jan., 1992 / Copyright ???? 1992 National Council of Teachers of English 10.2307/818342 http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/818342 1992 Geyh, Paula. Geyh Paula. Geyh {DigiRhet.org.} {DigiRhet.org.} {DigiRhet.org.} Guin, Ursula K. Le Guin Ursula K. Le Guin Diehl, William C. Diehl William C. Diehl Colapietro, Vincent Colapietro Vincent Colapietro Hoffmann, Gerhard Hoffmann Gerhard Hoffmann Gemunden, Gerd Gemunden Gerd Gemunden Ryan, {Marie-Laure} Ryan {Marie-Laure} Ryan Luce, Dianne C Luce Dianne C Luce Lunenfeld, Peter Lunenfeld Peter Lunenfeld Tierney, William G. Tierney William G. Tierney Franko, Carol S. Franko Carol S. Franko Rody, Caroline Rody Caroline Rody Sharrett, Christopher Sharrett Christopher Sharrett Aubry, Timothy Richard Aubry Timothy Richard Aubry Millard, Kenneth Millard Kenneth Millard Kaufman, Eleanor Kaufman Eleanor Kaufman Hoffman, Steve G. Hoffman Steve G. Hoffman Harris, Daryl B. Harris Daryl B. Harris {Lehmann-Haupt}, Christopher {Lehmann-Haupt} Christopher {Lehmann-Haupt} Amiran, Eyal Amiran Eyal Amiran Annas, Pamela J. Annas Annas, Pamela J. {P????rez-Torres}, Rafael {P????rez-Torres} Rafael {P????rez-Torres} Selinger, Bernard Selinger Bernard Selinger Davies, John. Davies John. Davies Gilbert, Matthew Gilbert Matthew Gilbert Kraemer, Christine Hoff Kraemer Christine Hoff Kraemer {Ben-Habib}, Seyla {Ben-Habib} Seyla {Ben-Habib} Call, Lewis Call Lewis Call Hauser, Johannes Hauser Johannes Hauser Marx, Karl Marx Karl Marx Kauffman, Linda S Kauffman Linda S Kauffman Smith, Anthony Smith Anthony Smith Bucknall, Barbara J. Bucknall Barbara J. Bucknall Johnston, Laura Johnston Laura Johnston Sze, Julie Sze Julie Sze Adams, Rachel Adams Rachel Adams Caldwell, John T. Caldwell John T. Caldwell Lee, {Sue-Im} Lee {Sue-Im} Lee Wallace, Molly Wallace Molly Wallace Young, John K Young John K Young Calleja, Gordon Calleja Gordon Calleja Madsen, Deborah L. Madsen Madsen Deborah L. Madsen Madsen Coale, Samuel Coale Samuel Coale Walker, Jeffrey M. Walker Jeffrey M. Walker {Law-Yone}, Hubert {Law-Yone} Hubert {Law-Yone} Hayles, Katherine Hayles Katherine Hayles Rothfork, John Rothfork John Rothfork London, University of North London University of North London Sergio, Angelini Sergio Angelini Sergio Aubrey, James R Aubrey James R Aubrey Knox, Simone Knox Simone Knox Nash, Susan Smith Nash Susan Smith Nash Best, Steven Best Steven Best Sconce, Jeffrey Sconce Jeffrey Sconce Dubey, Madhu Dubey Madhu Dubey Allen, Robert Clyde Allen Robert Clyde Allen Smith, Richard Smith Richard Smith Jr., Clayton W. Dumont Jr. Clayton W. Dumont Jr. Chory, Rebecca M. Chory Rebecca M. Chory Fraser, Nancy Fraser Nancy Fraser Reid, Alexander. Reid Alexander. Reid Gunn, Leslie Ann Hart Gunn Leslie Ann Hart Gunn Caveney, Graham Caveney Graham Caveney Smeyers, Paul Smeyers Paul Smeyers Faris, Wendy B Faris Wendy B Faris Lincoln, Kenneth Lincoln Kenneth Lincoln Beller, Jonathan Beller Jonathan Beller Glass, James M. Glass James M. Glass Ferenz, Volker Ferenz Volker Ferenz Rosen, Elizabeth K. Rosen Elizabeth K. Rosen Day, Gary Day Gary Day Ziarek, Ewa P????onowska Ziarek Ewa P????onowska Ziarek Demetrious, Kristin Demetrious Kristin Demetrious Walters, Suzanna Danuta Walters Suzanna Danuta Walters Ellis, Bret Easton Ellis Bret Easton Ellis Gonzalez, Jennifer Gonzalez Jennifer Gonzalez Bolt, Joe De Bolt Joe De Bolt Freccero, Carla Freccero Carla Freccero Ducheneaut, Nicolas Ducheneaut Nicolas Ducheneaut Lapham, Lewis H. Lapham Lewis H. Lapham Young, Robert Young Robert Young Poster, Mark Poster Mark Poster Molesworth, Mike Molesworth Mike Molesworth Young, Elizabeth Young Elizabeth Young Wallach, Rick Wallach Rick Wallach Atkins, Barry Atkins Barry Atkins Sontag, Susan Sontag Susan Sontag Stewart, Susan Stewart Susan Stewart Apter, Emily Apter Emily Apter English, Daylanne K. English Daylanne K. English Arendt, Hannah Arendt Hannah Arendt Nicholson, Linda Nicholson Linda Nicholson {McLuhan}, Marshall {McLuhan} Marshall {McLuhan} Davis, Kimberly Chabot Davis Kimberly Chabot Davis Baudrillard, Jean Baudrillard Jean Baudrillard Mitchell, William Mitchell William Mitchell Bailenson, Jeremy Bailenson Jeremy Bailenson Adams, Paul C. Adams Paul C. Adams Hable, William Hable William Hable Habermas, Jurgen Habermas Jurgen Habermas Westmoreland, Maurice Westmoreland Maurice Westmoreland Dijck, Jos???? Van Dijck Jos???? Van Dijck Arva, Eugene L. Arva Eugene L. Arva Dussere, Erik Dussere Erik Dussere Shaw, Christopher Shaw Christopher Shaw Chase, Malcolm Chase Malcolm Chase Prins, Esther Prins Esther Prins Yoder, Amanda R. Yoder Amanda R. Yoder Bailenson, Jeremy N. Bailenson Jeremy N. Bailenson Standish, Paul Standish Paul Standish Jacques, Jeffrey M. Jacques Jeffrey M. Jacques Bukatman, Scott Bukatman Scott Bukatman Patell, Cyrus R. K. Patell Cyrus R. K. Patell Duvall, John N Duvall John N Duvall Collection, Dr. Aliza Kolker Collection Dr. Aliza Kolker Collection Wadia, Rashna Wadia Rashna Wadia Balsamo, Anne Marie Balsamo Anne Marie Balsamo Wallace, Molly. Wallace Molly. Wallace Yee, Nick Yee Nick Yee Benjamin, Walter Benjamin Walter Benjamin Arnold, Edwin T Arnold Edwin T Arnold Medovoi, Leerom Medovoi Leerom Medovoi Hogue, W. Lawrence Hogue W. Lawrence Hogue Mikics, David Mikics David Mikics {Denegri-Knott}, Janice {Denegri-Knott} Janice {Denegri-Knott} Shapiro, Steven G. Shapiro Steven G. Shapiro Bhabha, Homi Bhabha Homi Bhabha Fitzpatrick, Kathleen Fitzpatrick Kathleen Fitzpatrick {O'Day}, Marc {O'Day} Marc {O'Day} Parrish, Timothy Parrish Timothy Parrish Wolf, Philipp Wolf Philipp Wolf Fowkes, Ben Fowkes Ben Fowkes Kellner, Douglas Kellner Douglas Kellner Unsworth, John Unsworth John Unsworth Seay, Ellen A. Seay Ellen A. Seay Banfield, Sara Banfield Sara Banfield Rochelle, Warren Rochelle Warren Rochelle Bloland, Harland G. Bloland Harland G. Bloland Chuh, Kandice Chuh Kandice Chuh Trigg, Dylan Trigg Dylan Trigg Gross, Neil Gross Neil Gross Cant, John Cant John Cant Heffernan, Teresa Heffernan Teresa Heffernan Hooks, Bell Hooks Bell Hooks Hall, Wade H Hall Wade H Hall Simonsen, Kirsten Simonsen Kirsten Simonsen Cadden, Mike Cadden Mike Cadden Cohen, Roger Cohen Roger Cohen Schut, Kevin Schut Kevin Schut Carpenter, Lucas. Carpenter Lucas. Carpenter Burgess, Jacquelin Burgess Jacquelin Burgess Walker, Janet A. Walker Janet A. Walker Chiang, Mark Chiang Mark Chiang Zamora, Lois Parkinson Zamora Lois Parkinson Zamora Agger, Ben Agger Ben Agger Blake, Nigel Blake Nigel Blake Teague, Ken Teague Ken Teague Thompson, Ethan Thompson Ethan Thompson Allison, Anne Allison Anne Allison Reid, Suzanne Elizabeth Reid Suzanne Elizabeth Reid Lee, Charles Jason Lee Charles Jason Lee Rickertsen, Kathryn Rickertsen Kathryn Rickertsen Ellis, Jay Ellis Jay Ellis Hitchcock, Michael Hitchcock Michael Hitchcock Biltereyst, Daniel Biltereyst Daniel Biltereyst Storey, Mark Storey Mark Storey Hoem, Sheri I. Hoem Sheri I. Hoem Melzer, Patricia Melzer Patricia Melzer Belsey, Catherine Belsey Catherine Belsey Mittell, Jason Mittell Jason Mittell Ruth Hsu, Ruth Ruth Hsu Ruth Hsu, Ruth Witzling, David. Witzling David. Witzling
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American Postmodernism (George Mason University - Spring 2009)
Compiled by ENGL 660 students using
Zotero
. See the original
annotated bibliography assignment
for details.